The Earth's BIOMES

1. The Earth's BIOMES The Biosphere is made up of all parts of the Earth that contains life. A geographic area with similar plant and animal populations is called a biome. Biomes contain a number of smaller but related ecosystems.

2. WORLD BIOMES

3. BIOMES Ecosystems are depended upon the energy from the sun. The amount of sunlight, temperature, and precipitation (climate) determines what kind of biome is in a place. Biomes are divided into three categories-land, fresh water, and marine (salt water)

4. Land Biomes Forests -Temperate deciduous-leaves fall off,Rainfall= 75-125 cm/yr, Temp= summer 80’s winter 30’s or 40’s -Coniferous-seeds in cones, needles protect against water loss,few plants live on the floor of forest due to limited sunlight,Temp= summer 50’s winter = 10’s rainfall = 35-75 cm/yr -Tropical rain forest-broad leaf plants,most organisms live in the canopy of the tree rather than on the ground,the soil is thin and poor because most of the nutrients are stored in the vegetation,clear cut rainforest makes poor farm land due to the poor soil,rainfall= 400 cm/yr,temp= daytime 90’s night 60’s

5. Land Biomes Grassland -Temperate-with seasons,flat, rolling hills, best farmland, Temp= summer 80’s winter= 30’s precip= 25-75 cm -Savanna-tropical, distinct wet and dry seasons

6. Land Biomes Desert -dry with extreme temperature,plants are adapted with either wide shallow root systems or deep roots,less than 25 cm of rain, temps (90 -100) summer 40’s winter Tundra rainfall= 30-50 cm/yr temp= summer 50’s winter= (-10’s) -Arctic-soil remains frozen -Alpine-high mountains, soil remains frozen

7. MOVIE CLIP!!!!!!!!!

8. Wrap Up Draw a quick picture about one of the biomes you have learned today.

9. Marine Ecosystems -based on salty water

10. Abiotic factors rule and Sunny Waters -marine ecosystems depend on distance from the land, temperature, and the amount of sunlight -sunlight can only penetrate 200m into the sea because water absorbs sunlight Phytoplankton -are the most common producers in the ocean -microscopic photosynthetic organisms -float near the surface Zooplankton -tiny consumers that feed on phytoplankton

11. Intertidal zone -where ocean meets land -part of the ocean that is covered by water part of the day, above water when tide goes out -mud flats, rock shores, and sandy beaches Nertic zone -area of shallow water where the sun reaches the ocean floor -stops at edge of continental shelf, where water becomes really deep -Coral reefs are in this area

12. Oceanic zone -area at the top of the ocean where sunlight reaches -phytoplankton are producers here Benthic zone - area below the oceanic zone where sunlight never reaches -organisms are adapted to high pressure -special bacteria use chemosynthesis to make food from chemicals -organisms feed off plankton that die and sink from above

13. MOVIE CLIP!!!!!!!!!

14. Coral Reefs -formed from the close relationship between coral and a single celled algae -algae produce nutrients for the coral -reefs are home to many marine species such as sponges and urchins

15. Sargasso Sea -in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean -Sargassum is an algae that forms HUGE rafts floating in the middle of the ocean -many animals live among the algae Polar Ice -arctic ice is filled with nutrients from surrounding land -many animals feed off the abundant plankton in the area

16. Estuaries -fresh water spills into the ocean so salt content constantly changes -freshwater is full of nutrients, so plankton are abundant Intertidal areas -organisms are adapted to the changing tides

17. Wrap Up Take four minutes to come up with two questions about what you learned today that could be a really good quiz question.

18. FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS

19. Water on the move -freshwater ecosystems depend upon the speed of moving water as well as temperature and amount of sunlight -tributary- trickle of water that kois a larger trickle Fast moving water - more tributaries make streams larger and wider - plants line the edges, fish live in the open water -plants and animals cling to rocks or hide or live under them for protection Slowing down -when rivers grow larger they slow down and meander back and forth -when water slows soil being carried drops and builds deltas that organisms live on

20. Still Waters lakes and ponds are divided into three zones Littoral zone -closest to the edge, plants grow from bottom or float on top -small fish and animals live amongst the plants Open water zone - extends from littoral zone across the lake - only goes as deep as light will penetrate - phytoplankton are common producers here - fishes are the consumers Deep water zone - below open water, where no light reaches - catfish, carp, bacteria, fungi and many invertebrates live here

21. Wet lands -wetland area where the water level is at or near the surface Control floods, filter sediment, provide a habitat for many organisms Marshes -treeless wetland -found along the shores of lakes and ponds Swamps -wetland with trees and vines - usually only wet part of the year From lake to forest- over time marshes and swamps fill in naturally - trees as well as decaying plant matter falls to the bottom and becomes soil

22. MOVIE CLIP!!!!!!!!!

23. Wrap up!! While using the notebox strategy, you have five minutes to answer the second question on the back of your studyguide. *Remember the point value of the question is the same amount of boxes your suppose to have.