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Chapter 6 Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food

Chapter 6 Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food. General Biology CM Lamberty. Biology and Society. Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling. Animals depend on plants to covert solar energy to Photosynthesis. Producers and Consumers. Plants and other autotrophs (self-feeders)

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Chapter 6 Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food

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  1. Chapter 6 Cellular Respiration: Obtaining Energy from Food General Biology CM Lamberty

  2. Biology and Society

  3. Energy Flow and Chemical Cycling • Animals depend on plants to covert solar energy to • Photosynthesis

  4. Producers and Consumers • Plants and other autotrophs (self-feeders) • Heterotrophs (other-feeders) • Producers • Consumers

  5. Chemical Cyclying: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration • Chemical ingredients for photosynthesis • Chloroplasts • Cellular respiration

  6. Chemical Cyclying: Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration • Waste products of cellular respiration • Animals • Plants

  7. Cellular Respiration : Aerobic Harvest of Food Energy • Respiration • Cellular respiration

  8. Overall Equation of Cellular Respiration • Glucose • Many chemical steps

  9. Role of Oxygen in Cellular Respiration • 38 ATP for each glucose

  10. Redox Reactions • Chemical reactions involving transfer of electrons • Loss of electrons: • Gain of electrons:

  11. Cellular respiration is a fall of electrons • Results in release of energy

  12. NADH and Electron Transport Chains • Path of electrons from glucose to oxygen • NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) • NADH transfers electrons via electron transport chain

  13. Overview of Cellular Respiration • Metabolic pathway • Three stages of cellular respiration • Glycolysis • Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) • Electron transport

  14. Three Stages of Cellular Respiration • Stage 1: Glycolysis • (w/ most of E)

  15. INPUT OUTPUT 2 ATP 2 ADP Glucose Key Carbon atom Phosphate group High-energy electron Energy investment phase Figure 6.7-1

  16. Three Stages of Cellular Respiration • Stage 2: Citric Acid Cycle

  17. Three Stages of Cellular Respiration • Stage 3: Electron Transport

  18. Versatility of Cellular Respiration • Cellular respiration can also “burn”: • Diverse types of carbohydrates • Fats • proteins

  19. Adding up the ATP from Cellular Respiration • Remember up to 38 ATP/glucose • Glycolysis and citric acid cycle each contribute 2 ATP by direct synthesis • Remaining from “fall” of electrons in transport chain • Each pair dropped down from NADH = 3 ATP • Each pair dropped down from FADH2 = 2 ATP

  20. Fermentation: Anaerobic Harvest of Food Energy • Cells can work for short periods w/o O2 • Fermentation is anaerobic harvest of food energy

  21. Fermentation in Human Muscle Cells

  22. Fermentation in Microorganisms • Fermentation alone is able to sustain many microorganisms • The lactic acid produced by microbes is used to produce:

  23. Life Before and After Oxygen • Glycolysis used by ancient bacteria to make ATP when little oxygen available and before organelles evovled • Today glycolysis • Occurs in almost all organisms • Is a metabolic heirloom of the first stage in the breakdown of organic molecules

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