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PEOPLE EVERYWHERE

PEOPLE EVERYWHERE. Scholarship Geography: PowerPoint Course. World Population Growth. INCREASE IN THE WORLD’S POPULATION AND THE TIME TAKEN TO ADD ANOTHER BILLION. YEAR. 10 9 INCREASE IN POPULATION GROWTH. YEARS TAKEN. 1830. 1 billion. 1930. 2 billion. 100. 1960. 3 billion. 30.

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PEOPLE EVERYWHERE

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  1. PEOPLE EVERYWHERE Scholarship Geography: PowerPoint Course.

  2. World Population Growth INCREASE IN THE WORLD’S POPULATION AND THE TIME TAKEN TO ADD ANOTHER BILLION. YEAR. 109 INCREASE IN POPULATION GROWTH. YEARS TAKEN 1830 1 billion 1930 2 billion 100 1960 3 billion 30 1975 4 billion 15 1987 5 billion 12 1999 6 billion 12 The table above shows the time taken for the population to increase by increments of one billion. Growth over time: • In earlier times population grew more slowly than today. It took the entire history of the human race more than 4 million years to reach 1 billion in 1830. • Much faster growth over the last two centuries resulted in the world’s population reaching 6 billion in 1999. • However, the rate of population growth is slowing down.

  3. WORLD POPULATION GROWTH (1750-2050) World Population Growth • The extent of population growth: • World population should reach 10 billion by 2080 and then remain fairly stable. • Population growth is much higher in LEDCs than MEDCs.

  4. World Population Growth POPULATION SIZE BY RANK AND COUNTRY (2004) RANK. COUNTRY. POPULATION (MILLIONS – 106) 1 China. 1,300 2 India. 1,087 3 United States. 294 4 Indonesia. 219 5 Brazil. 179 6 Pakistan. 159 7 Russia. 144 8 Bangladesh. 141 9 Nigeria. 137 10 Japan. 128 The table above shows the contrasting sizes of population by country in 2004. • Continental population growth: • The continent with the fastest rate of growth is Africa. • Europe has the slowest rate of growth. Without immigration from other continents the population would be falling. Division of world population: • China and India together account for more than one-third of the world’s population.

  5. WORLD POPULATION GROWTH (1750-2050) World Population Growth • The extent of population growth: • World population should reach 10 billion by 2080 and then remain fairly stable. • Population growth is much higher in LEDCs than MEDCs.

  6. DOT MAP ILLUSTRATING WORLD POPULATION DISTRIBUTION Population Distribution & Density Population density: • This is the number of people per square kilometre. Densely populated. • Many people live in some parts of the world. These areas are densely populated. Sparsely populated. • Few people live in other parts of the world. These areas are sparsely populated. Population distribution describes the way people are spread out in a country or region.

  7. FLAT LOW LYING AREA Low lying and fertile region. Population Distribution & Density Examples of population density: • In the Sahara desert there is less than 1 person per square kilometre. • Flat, low-lying and fertile regions tend to be densely populated. • The Netherlands for example has the highest population density in Europe and Bangladesh has the highest density in Asia. Population density relationship: • Population density rises when the population increases.

  8. HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT – MOUNTAIN RANGES/ DESERT DIFFICULT ENVIRONMENT – COASTAL AREA Oasis settlement in Tunisia. Population Distribution & Density • Difficult or hostile environments: • Where possible people have avoided living in difficult or hostile areas. • Examples of hostile areas are deserts, mountain ranges, rain forests and very cold regions. • Antarctica, the most hostile environment in the world has no permanent residents.

  9. BIRTH RATE 2004 Population Change Birth/ death rate definition: • The birth rate is the number of births per 1000 population per year. • The death rate is the number of deaths per 1000 population per year. Rate of natural change: • The rate of natural change is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate.

  10. THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL Birth rate High Stage 1 Stage 2 Moderate Birth and death rates Stage 3 Stage 4 Low Death rate Time POPULATION Demographic transition (population change): • The demographic transition model below shows how populations change over time. All countries started at Stage 1. • Most countries have followed this pattern. • The UK and other MEDCs are mainly in Stage 4 of the model. • However, some countries are now in Stage 5. This is when the death rate is higher than the birth rate.

  11. THE DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL Birth rate High Stage 1 Stage 2 Moderate Birth and death rates Stage 3 Stage 4 Low Death rate Time POPULATION Demographic transition – continued: • Stage 5 occurs when a large number of families have only one child, as in Spain and Italy. • The poorer LEDCs, for example most of Africa, are in Stage 2. • The more advanced LEDCs such as Brazil and China are in Stage 3. • Countries move from Stage 2 to Stage 3 as more and more people use contraception.

  12. Male. Female. POPULATION PYRAMID Population in millions. POPULATION STRUCTURE • Population pyramids: • Population structure is the make-up of the population of a country. • Age and sex are the most important aspects of population structure. • The age and sex of a country’s population can be shown by a population pyramid as shown below. Source: US Census

  13. Male. Female. POPULATION PYRAMID Population in millions. POPULATION STRUCTURE • Population pyramids continued: • The male population is shown on the left of the pyramid. • The female population is shown on the right. • Each bar represents a five year age group. • Other aspects of population structure are race, language and religion. Source: US Census

  14. Male. UNITED KINGDOM 2000 (MEDC) Female. KENYA 2000 (LEDC) Population in millions. POPULATION STRUCTURE • LEDC/ MEDC variance: • The population pyramids of LEDCs have a wide base due to high birth rates. • Population pyramids of MEDCs have a narrow base because of low birth rates. • Life expectancy in LEDCs is lower than in MEDCs. • So population pyramids are narrow at the top for LEDCs and wider at the top for MEDCs. Source: US Census

  15. Migration • Definition of migration: • Migration is the movement of people across a national or international boundary. • The United Nations defines it as a ‘permanent’ change of residence lasting more than one year. Migration occurrence: • Migration has occurred throughout the history of humankind. • The world’s population is more mobile than ever before because of advances in and the reduced cost of transport and communication. • One in every 35 people lives outside the country of their birth.

  16. MIGRATION PUSH FACTOR People living in poor conditions. Migration • Factors prompting migration: • Push factors. • These are poor conditions where people live which encourage or force them to leave. • Pull factors. • In contrast to push factors, these are good conditions at a place people are thinking of moving to. • Intervening obstacles. • These are the difficulties that people face when they attempt to migrate.

  17. MIGRATION TOP DESTINATIONS OF REMITTANCES $Bn (2001) MIGRATION Migrations can be classed as either: • Forced. • Voluntary. • Labour related migration: • Much recent migration has been ‘labour-related’ – people moving to find work. Remittances. • This is the money sent home to their families by migrants working in another region or country.

  18. ETHNIC GROUP DIVISION WITHIN LONDON LONDON: A MIGRANT CITY Ethnic groups and London: • London is the most multiracial city in Europe, if not the world. • Within the UK the highest % of most ethnic groups can be found in one London borough or another. • Over 200 languages are spoken in London.

  19. LONDON: A MIGRANT CITY POPULATION INFLOW PER 1,000 BY CITY London is the destination for most of Britain’s 185,000 new immigrants each year.

  20. ETHNIC VILLAGE IN LONDON ETHNIC VILLAGE IN LONDON . . LONDON: A MIGRANT CITY Ethnic villages: • Immigrants tend to concentrate in certain areas known as ‘ethnic villages’. • Most ‘ethnic villages’, but not all, are in inner London.

  21. ETHNIC VILLAGE IN LONDON ETHNIC VILLAGE IN LONDON LONDON: A MIGRANT CITY Examples of ethnic population division in London: • Tower Hamlets has the largest Bangladeshi population. • Harrow has the largest Hindu population. • Southwark has the largest African population. • Lewisham has the largest population from the Caribbean.

  22. Question 1 Study the two images below. • Write an essay discussing the message that these images are portraying.

  23. Male. UNITED KINGDOM 2000 (MEDC) Female. KENYA 2000 (LEDC) Population in millions. Question 2 • Study the two graphs below. • Compare and contrast the two pyramid graphs. • Explain the bulging mid section of the UK graph in comparison to the Kenyan graph. • What issues have led to a growth in the UK population?

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