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Linear polymers of nucleotides linked by phosphodiester bonds. Learn about DNA and RNA structure, components, and functions, including RNA types and the role of DNA in cellular processes. Information from Biochemistry lectures and internet sources.
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Z 3 14.4.2005 NUCLEIC ACIDS Šárka Dvořáková Michaela Mášová
Linear polymers consisting of repeating nucleotid units linked by phosphodiester bonds • Types of Nucleic acids: - DNA ( 2- deoxy- β-D-deoxyribonucleic acid ) - RNA ( β -D –ribonucleic acid )
Structure components of nucleic acids : - bases - sugar - phosphate ester
RNA bases: adenine guanine thymine cytosine sugar: D –ribose phosphate ester DNA bases: adenine guanine uracile cytosine sugar: 2 –deoxy-D –ribose phosphate ester Difference
Structure of DNA • The structure of DNA consists of two polynucleotide strains wound around each other to form a right – handed double helix • There are two types of base pair in DNA: A – T ( adenine-thymine) G – C ( guanine – cytosine) The structure of DNA and the functions of gene described Watson and Crick (1953)
Structure of RNA • RNA exists as a single strand • RNA can coil back on itself Types of RNA: • messenger mRNA – carry the information for the primary structure of proteins • ribosomal rRNA – part of the protein synthesis apparatus • transfer tRNA – activates AA and recognize codons in mRNA
Functions of organism • RNA - several types of RNA responsible for the synthesis of the enzymes, structural proteins, and other polypeptides • DNA • stores information that conrolls all cellular processes (replication) - conducting transcription for genesis complementary molecul of RNA
SOURCE • Some information from lecture of Biochemistry. • Some information from internet.