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The Cold War

The Cold War. What was the “Cold” War?. Intense political rivalry and mistrust between the U.S. and the Soviet Union No physical fighting between the 2 countries Various “satellite” wars (Korea, Vietnam) as the U.S. instituted its containment policy. Yalta Conference.

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The Cold War

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  1. The Cold War

  2. What was the “Cold” War? • Intense political rivalry and mistrust between the U.S. and the Soviet Union • No physical fighting between the 2 countries • Various “satellite” wars (Korea, Vietnam) as the U.S. instituted its containment policy

  3. Yalta Conference • February 1945: FDR, Churchill and Stalin planned for division of Germany • Germany divided into four occupation zones • East: Soviet Union • West: France, Britain, and U.S. • Berlin, the capital countries

  4. Marshall Plan • June 1948 • Helped European nations reconstruct their cities • Provided economic aid and vital supplies • Central to policy of containment

  5. Berlin Blockade • June 24, 1948 • Attempt by Joseph Stalin to stop aid to Berlin • U.S. responded with the Berlin Airlift, dropping supplies into the city from planes • Germany officially became 2 countries in 1949

  6. The Containment Policy • American diplomat George Kennan proposed a foreign policy of containment • The Truman Doctrine expanded the policy of containment by stating the U.S. would send aid to countries wanting democracy

  7. McCarthyism • Senator Joseph McCarthy led a political hunt for communist infiltrators in America • Targeted people in every walk of life, including the military. • Ruined reputations of many people through “blacklisting.” • Senate censured McCarthy in 1954 for unbecoming behavior.

  8. Race for Space • Soviet Union launched Sputnik, the first satellite in space in 1957 • America followed with Explorer I in 1958 • Yuri Gagarin in the Soviet Union was the first to orbit space in 1961 • John Glenn of the U.S. followed in 1963

  9. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) • April 1949 • Mutual defense pact against Soviet aggression • Soviet Union and other Communist government in Eastern Europe created the Warsaw Pact (1955) • Defense alliance against Western countries • Divided Europe into military camps and Soviet satellites

  10. Original Member Nations

  11. Current Member Nations

  12. The U.S. and the Cold War • Korean War; U.S. led effort by 20 nations to prevent the takeover of South Korea by Communist North Korea (September 1950) • Cuban Missile Crisis (October 1962) forced the Soviets to remove nuclear missiles from Cuba • Vietnam War: U.S. became involved to stop communist North Vietnam from taking over South Vietnam.

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