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Body Systems

Discover how the nervous system coordinates movements, the structure of the central and peripheral nervous system, reflex actions, and tips for staying healthy and preventing injuries and infections.

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Body Systems

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  1. Body Systems The Nervous System

  2. Coordinates movements and maintains balance • Receives information about what is going on, processes the information, and forms a response. • Carries messages to and from brain and spinal cord • TWO divisions: central and peripheral What is the Nervous System?

  3. The basic unit of the nervous system – a cell • Carry messages from one part of body to another • Junctions called SYNAPSE Neurons

  4. Different types of neurons in system that perform specific roles Neurons

  5. The “Control Center of the Body” • Brain and Spinal Cord Central Nervous System

  6. Weighs about 3 pounds – moist and spongy • Made up of about 100 BILLION neurons • Protected and cushioned by layers of membranes and fluids • 3 Major Regions • Cerebrum • Cerebellum • Brain Stem CNS – The Brain

  7. CNS – The Brain

  8. Cerebrum • 85% of brain’s weight • Specialized Regions • Deep groove separates • Frontal Lobe: voluntary movements; emotions • Occipital Lobe: vision • Parietal Lobe: sensory information • Temporal Lobe: hearing, balance, and speech CNS – The Brain

  9. Cerebellum • Coordinates movements and balance • Simple movements would be impossible CNS – The Brain

  10. The Brain Stem • Midbrain: adjusting to sensory information • Pons: breathing and coordination • Medulla: automatic functions: heart rate, blood pressure, and swallowing CNS – The Brain

  11. Thick column of nerve tissue linking brain to most of nerves of peripheral system • Vertebrae surround and protect • Surrounded by protective membranes and bathed in fluid CNS – The Spinal Cord

  12. REFLEX: automatic response to your environment • Think of a hot flame! • Some reflexes controlled by spinal cord only, not brain, to enable your body to react faster protecting you from harm. CNS - Reflexes

  13. Includes the network of nerves that link the rest of your body to your brain and spinal cord. • NERVE: bundle(s) of axons packaged with connective tissue Peripheral Nervous System

  14. Some nerves carry info from ears, eyes, etc from your outside environment • Others carry info regarding your internal conditions: BP, HR, etc • BOTH deliver their info to the CNS PNS – Sensory Division

  15. SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: controls voluntary actions • Chewing food, skeletal muscle movements, etc • AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM: regulates actions that happen automatically • Breathing, heart beat, digestion, crying PNS – Motor Division

  16. Avoiding Head Injuries • CONCUSSION: swelling of the brain – bruiselike injury due to a blow to the head or rapid head movement (whiplash) • Loss of consciousness, vomiting, drowsiness, confusion, nose bleed Brandon Sutter - Hockey Another Hockey Concussion Keeping Healthy Mike Modano - He IS Alive... "Scrambled Eggs"

  17. COMA: Prolonged period of deep unconsciousness • Sarah's Story • Sarah Speaks Keeping Healthy

  18. Avoiding Head Injuries • Helmets lower risk! • Wear seat belts! • Check water deepness • Avoid drugs and alcohol – lead to poor decisions Keeping Healthy

  19. Avoiding Spinal Cord Injuries • Can result in PARALYSIS: loss of abilities to move and/or feel body parts • Oklahoma vs Florida State • Jahvid Best Keeping Healthy

  20. Avoiding Nerve Injuries • Repeated movements may injure the nerves in that area – Carpel Tunnel, Tarsal Tunnel • Symptoms: Weakness and numbness • Treatment: Splints, medications, surgery • Take breaks, maintain posture! Keeping Healthy

  21. Preventing Infections • Rare in NS because of protection of tissues • MENINGITIS: inflammation of the membranes surrounding brain and spinal cord; viral or bacterial • Stiff neck, severe headache, high fever • Rabies is an infection of the CNS Keeping Healthy

  22. Living with EPILEPSY • Sudden, uncontrolled nerve impulses; flood of brain activity causing a SEIZURE • Epileptics are prone to seizures • Facial twitching, loss of awareness, and muscle spasms may occur during seizures • Possibly caused by genetics, problems during prenatal development, diseases, or head injuries Keeping Healthy

  23. Preventing Headaches • Most common problem • Tension headaches: physical or emotional stress • MIGRAINE: especially severe and long-lasting • Light and noise sensitive, nausea, blurred vision • Proper diet, exercise, and sleep may help prevent, but the cause is unknown • Avoid triggers Keeping Healthy

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