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Evolution of Atomic Models: From Empedocles to Quantum Clouds

Explore the journey of atomic theory through the ages, from Empedocles' concept of indivisible atoms to modern Quantum Cloud Model by Schrödinger and de Broglie. Dive into significant milestones like Dalton's atomic theory, Thompson's subatomic particles, Rutherford's discovery of the nucleus, and Bohr's quantum orbits.

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Evolution of Atomic Models: From Empedocles to Quantum Clouds

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  1. Atomic Models Timeline in Science

  2. Empedocle (420 B.C) • The word Atomwas introduced by Leucippe and it means Indivisible • Qualities • Indivisible due to size • Solid (no void) • Perfect therefore eternal • Surrounded by empty space • Infinite number of shapes Earth Water Air Fire

  3. John Dalton (1808) • Davy isolates • Sodium • Calcium • Barium • Daltons model • Matter is made of atoms • Element own type of atom • Combine in fixed ratios

  4. J.J Thompson (1897) • Subatomic particles • Electron • Negative charge • Thompson’s pudding • Positive substance • Negative electrons

  5. Ernest Rutherford (1911) • Subatomic particles • Nucleons • Protons positively charges • Neutrons no charge (Chadwick 1932) • Majority of the mass • Planetary Model • Electron moves around thenucleus like planets around the sun • Mostly empty space • Indivisible

  6. Niels Bohr (1913) • Atomic Stability • No crashes • Electron emits light • Loses energy • Orbit Model • Positions Quantified • Only certain orbits are allowed • Jump between orbits emits (or absorbs) light

  7. Electron Cloud Model (1924) • Why limited to given orbital? • Electron moves in clouds • Erwin Schrödinger and Louis de Broglie • Can’t know the exact location • Probabilistic model

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