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Evolution of Atomic Models: From Dalton to Quantum Mechanics

This overview explores the progression of atomic models from Dalton's solid sphere to the quantum mechanical model. Dalton introduced the ideas of conservation of matter and definite composition, followed by Thomson’s plum pudding model which revealed the electron. Rutherford’s nuclear model highlighted the nucleus and mostly empty space in atoms, while Bohr's model introduced energy levels and orbits. We further delve into quantum mechanics, discussing orbitals, wave-particle duality, and their implications in predicting molecular shapes and chemical behavior.

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Evolution of Atomic Models: From Dalton to Quantum Mechanics

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Atomic Structure Models

  2. Dalton’s Atomic Model • Solid sphere • Evidence: • Conservation of matter • Law of definite composition • Law of multiple proportions

  3. Thomson Plum Pudding • Based on the discovery of the electron • Evidence • Cathode Ray Experiment • Deflection by magnetic fields and electric fields • Charge to mass ratio of electrons • Big Charge Little mass • Atoms are composed of electrons and something positive +

  4. Rutherford • Nuclear Model • Evidence – Gold Foil Experiment • Most Some Few • Mostly Empty Space • Dense Positively Charged Central Portion • Electrons outside the nucleus • Nucleus and Empty Space

  5. Bohr • Orbits • Energy Levels • Evidence • Flame tests, neon lights, LED, fluorecent • Emission Spectrums • Wave and Particle Properties of Light • Energy transitions absorption and release of light

  6. 1s1 orbital

  7. 1s2 orbital

  8. 1s22s1

  9. 1s22s2

  10. 1s22s2 2px1

  11. 1s22s2 2px1 2py1

  12. 1s22s2 2px1 2py12pz1

  13. 1s22s2 2px2 2py12pz1

  14. 1s22s2 2px2 2py22pz1

  15. 1s22s2 2px2 2py22pz2

  16. 1s22s2 2px2 2py22pz23s1

  17. 1s22s2 2px2 2py22pz23s2 • Quantum, Orbitals,Wave Mechanical Model • Flame tests, Neon Lights, LED,fluorescence • Wave and Particle Properties • Orbitals – Energy Levels • Orbital – size, shape orientation • Probability regions of space • Electron Configurations • Predict shapes of molecules • Predict chemical behavior – chemical bonding

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