January 28, 2003

2. January28,2003 http://www.columbia.edu/~asb70/S&SWeb2/PoliticalEconomicIssues.html

4. ENERGY

5. www.collegeprofiles.com/ seattle-pacific.html

6. http://www.larrystackle.com/fly.html

9. http://www.windmillworld.com/windmills/groups.htm

11. Sir Isaac Newton James Watt Benjamin Franklin James Maxwell Albert Einstein

12. Sir Isaac Newton James Watt Benjamin Franklin James Maxwell Albert Einstein www.cocoavillage.com/ history/ www.puffingbilly.com.au/ fan/fleet/locos.htm

13. Sir Isaac Newton James Watt Benjamin Franklin James Maxwell Albert Einstein

14. Sir Isaac Newton James Watt Benjamin Franklin James Maxwell Albert Einstein www.iihr.uiowa.edu/.../Romania/ Romania-page2.htm

15. E=mc2 Sir Isaac Newton James Watt Benjamin Franklin James Maxwell Albert Einstein

16. Sir Isaac Newton James Watt Benjamin Franklin James Maxwell Albert Einstein

17. www.hd.org/.../ oil-rig-in-the-North-Sea-1-BG.jpg www.power-technology.com/.../ hadong/hadong2.html www.tekser.biz/ display.php?language=english&s... www.aerialexposures.com/ www.dodson-hydro.com/ hec5/brokenbow.jpg www.greece.k12.ny.us/ath/ library/teachers/sogard/ www.hot-house.co.uk/ renewables.htm http://www.agores.org/SECTORS/BIO/TBF/SELECT/DEMO/OTHERS/default.htm www.canwea.ca/ www.c-a-b.org.uk/projects/ tech1.jpg

18. FOSSIL FUELS

20. COAL OIL

21. FOSSIL FUELS

22. FUEL CELLS

23. HEAT HYDROGEN FUEL CELL ELECTRICITY OXYGEN

24. FOSSIL FUELS REFORMER ANODE ELECTROLYTE CATHODE HEAT HYDROGEN FUEL CELL ELECTRICITY OXYGEN

25. CURRENT (A) TIME (SEC)

26. FUEL CELL

27. ANODE ELECTROLYTE CATHODE www.soaresantiques.com/images/ lunchboxes/838a.jpg

28. ALKALINE PHOSPHORIC-ACID • One of the oldest designs • 70% efficient • Used in Space • Catalyst is a non-precious metal • Operates at 75-150°F SOLID OXIDE MOLTEN CARBONATE DIRECT METHANOL PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE

29. ALKALINE PHOSPHORIC-ACID • The most developed • 40% efficient • Platinum catalyst • Operates at 400°F • Unsuitable for cars SOLID OXIDE MOLTEN CARBONATE DIRECT METHANOL PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE

30. ALKALINE PHOSPHORIC-ACID • Best suited to power towns • 50-60% efficient • Catalyst is a non-precious metal • Operates at 1830°F • Produces steam SOLID OXIDE MOLTEN CARBONATE DIRECT METHANOL PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE

31. ALKALINE PHOSPHORIC-ACID • Best suited for cars and buses • 60% efficient • Catalyst is a non-precious metal • Operates at 1120°F • Capable of internal reforming SOLID OXIDE MOLTEN CARBONATE DIRECT METHANOL PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE

32. ALKALINE PHOSPHORIC-ACID • CH3OH and steam supplied • No need for a reformer • Methanol is a liquid • Operates at 180°F • 3-4 years behind the others SOLID OXIDE MOLTEN CARBONATE DIRECT METHANOL PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE

33. ALKALINE PHOSPHORIC-ACID • Operate at low temperatures • Have a platinum catalyst • Can handle changing power demands • Good candidate for automobiles • Starts quickly SOLID OXIDE MOLTEN CARBONATE DIRECT METHANOL PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE

34. PEM DIFFUSION LAYER CATALYST POLYMER ELECTROLYTE CATALYST DIFFUSION LAYER

35. PEM DIFFUSION LAYER CATALYST POLYMER ELECTROLYTE CATALYST DIFFUSION LAYER

36. PEM DIFFUSION LAYER CATALYST POLYMER ELECTROLYTE CATALYST DIFFUSION LAYER

37. PEM H H O O

38. PEM H H O O

39. PEM H H O O

40. PEM H+ O - H+ O -

41. PEM H+ H2O O - H+ O -

42. PEM H2O O

43. INDEPENDENCE 1000 Specifications • Output: 1000 watts, 48 VDC • Start Up: • 50% Power < 5 min @ 25C • 100% Power < 18 min @ 25C • Fuel Supply: Industrial grade H2 • Supply Pressure: 25 - 100 psi, • Size: 17.25”w x 20.5”h x 25.12”d • Weight: 147 lbs. • Operating Modes: • Battery Charger • Direct Power Supply