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Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation Process

Understand the intricate processes of transcription and translation in protein synthesis. Learn how genetic information is transcribed from DNA to RNA, followed by the translation of this information into proteins. Explore the roles of mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA in protein synthesis.

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Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation Process

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  1. Transcription and TranslationProtein Synthesis • What is it? • Transcription happens when DNA is ________________ (making a template) into RNA • Translation is when the information is ________________ into a protein

  2. Transcription: the process by which genetic information is ______________ from DNA to RNA. Steps: • RNA transcription starts on the DNA strand (the template) at the “_______________” (or start) gene. • RNA polymerase binds to the promoter gene and travels down one side of the template (original DNA) attaching complementary RNA bases and _____________________.

  3. 3. The base pairing rules are the same except U replaces T on the _______ strand. 4. This continues until it reaches a DNA region called the “___________________ signal” (or stop). 5. The RNA polymerase releases both the DNA molecule and the newly formed RNA molecule (travels to __________________). 6. DNA closes back up! This newly formed strand is called ________ or messenger RNA.

  4. Complementary mRNA • What would the mRNA strand be for this section of DNA? A A T G C T A C C T T G A A C T G G _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ Note: The mRNA strand is what is used to determine what amino acids are made (using the amino acid chart)!

  5. After mRNA is formed • We are able to make a ___________ in the cytoplasm. (Translation) • Remember… • The amount and kind of proteins that are produced in a cell determine the ________________ and function of the cell. • In other words, proteins carry out the genetic instructions (__________) encoded in our DNA.

  6. mRNA is now grouped into letters of 3 (a group of 3 letters is called a ___________). • Each codon will code for one ____________ acid (AA). • AAs are the building blocks of proteins. • A few codons do not code for an AA, instead they signal for translation of an mRNA to ___________ (start codon/promoter) or _______ (stop codon/ termination signal). • mRNA is ready to be “______________” by 2 other types of RNA…

  7. How to read the Amino Acid Table

  8. rRNA (ribosomal RNA) • When the mRNA gets to the cytoplasm, rRNA (which is in ______________ form) will attach itself over the strand. • It helps attach the _____________ to the mRNA • This is where ______________ are made!

  9. tRNA (transfer RNA) • tRNA will locate the start codon on the mRNA strand and will form the appropriate ________ for that codon • tRNA travels down the mRNA to the next _____________ and forms the appropriate AA for that codon • The second AA attaches to the 1st & the tRNA molecule _____________ from the 1st mRNA codon • This continues until a string/chain of AA are formed = a _____________ is made!

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