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Cognition & Technology Apr 29, 2014

This study explores the cognitive effects of concussions and sub-concussive injuries in high school male football athletes. Key findings include the persistence of subtle cognitive deficits even after recovery and the subsequent decline in academic performance. The research highlights the greater risk of re-injury with premature return to sports, emphasizing the importance of understanding the extent of brain injuries in developing adolescents compared to adults. The use of neuropsychological testing and innovative technologies is discussed for better recovery and cognitive assessment.

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Cognition & Technology Apr 29, 2014

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  1. Cognition & Technology Apr 29, 2014

  2. Neurotrauma & Cognition

  3. Concussion & Cognition • Studies on executive function & attention post-concussion • Extent of injury in developing brains (adolescents) compared to adults? • Greater risk of subsequent injury w/ premature return to sport

  4. Concussion & Cognition • Subtle deficits can persist, despite self report • Decline in academic performance • Body movement, gait • Task-shifting

  5. Recovery WEEK 4 WEEK 1 WEEK 5 WEEK 2 WEEK 3 80% RECOVERED 60% RECOVERED N=134 High School Male Football Athletes 40% RECOVERED Collins et al., 2006, Neurosurgery

  6. Research in TBI Cognitive effects of one season of head impacts in a cohort of collegiate contact sport athletes: What lifestyle factors might delay cognitive decline/ dementia?; McAllister et al. (assigned reading)

  7. Research in TBI • Millions suffer brain injury each year • Many are sub-concussive injuries • Test effect of repetitive traumas over season of collegiate sports • 214 football & hockey players • 45 non-contact sport players

  8. Research in TBI • ImPACT, neuropsychological, cognitive testing • Pre & post season • Head impacts measured via HIT helmets • Rotational & linear acceleration • Location, force of impacts • Average 469 impacts

  9. Research in TBI • Significantly higher % of contact athletes performed below predicted postseason score • Subgroup w/ cognitive impact - higher magnitudes/frequencies • No differences pre-season • Suggests lack of residual effects • Confounds?

  10. Assistive Technology

  11. BrainGate Reading: Human/machine interfaces for recovery of function http://news.brown.edu/pressreleases/2011/03/braingate

  12. Recording Cognition • Implantable, rechargeable, wireless brain sensor - signals from 100 neurons in vivo • Freely moving • Natural cognitive behaviors • Connections betw/ multiple sensors • Transition to human research, assistive tech

  13. Connectome Project • Mapping brain connections • Fiber pathways • 100 billion neurons, trillions of connections • Abnormalities may underlie psychiatric, cognitive disorders

  14. Cognition & A.I. “Kismet”

  15. Cognitive Robotics • “Create” cognition in learning robot • Reasoning, decision making • Perceptual, attentional skills • Complex motor coordination • Language, communication • Act in the real world - learning

  16. Modeling Human Cognition • Interest in modeling human emotion • Developing & expressing emotion in interaction w/ humans

  17. “Nao” • Postures, gestures & movements (non-verbal) • Modeled on early attachment behaviors • Learn as children do Dr. Cañamero, University of Hertforshire

  18. “Nao” • Adapt to actions/moods of caregiver • Preference, attachment • Learn via feedback, strengthen “bond” • Shared experience, memory • Express variety of emotions • “Chooses” when to display

  19. Therapeutic Value • Companions for elderly, ill • Social learning for autistic children • Support for hospitals, treatment centers • Reduce anxiety • Interact w/ children

  20. “Nexi” • Non-verbal cues for trustworthiness, dishonesty • Arm placement • Facial movements • Prisoner’s Dilemma • Response to human vs. machine Cyn­thia Breazeal, MIT Dr. DeSteno, Northeastern University

  21. Future of Robotics? • Can robots form social bonds, relationships w/ human counterparts? • Results suggest humans willing & able to assign moral intent to Nexi • The “uncanny valley”

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