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Understanding Chemical and Physical Properties of Substances

Chemical and physical properties are essential in identifying and describing substances. Physical properties can be observed without changing the substance, categorized into qualitative (such as color, texture) and quantitative (like melting temperature, density). In contrast, chemical properties describe the behavior of a substance during reactions with other substances, including reactivity with water, air, and acids. Recognizing the differences between these properties aids in determining chemical and physical changes in materials, exemplified by copper forming patina and gold's malleability.

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Understanding Chemical and Physical Properties of Substances

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  1. Properties: Chemical or Physical How Can We Tell?

  2. Physical Properties • Any property that can be observed or measured without forming a new substance • They describe the particles • Can be broken down into Qualitative and Quantitative properties • Qualitative Physical Property: can be described but not measured • Quantitative Physical Property: can be measured numerically

  3. Qualitative Physical Properties: • Color • Texture • Taste • Smell • State • Crystal Shape • Malleability • Ductility

  4. Quantitative Physical Properties: • Melting temperature • Boiling temperature • Density • Viscosity • Solubility • Electrical Conductivity • Heat Conductivity

  5. Chemical Properties: • Any property that describes how a substance reacts when forming a new substance • Describe the behavior of the particles in the presence of other particles

  6. Types of Chemical Properties: • Reacts with water • Reacts with air • Reacts with pure oxygen • Reacts with acids • Reacts with other pure substances • Toxicity • Stability • Combustibility

  7. Note: • Understanding the difference between chemical and physical properties can help you determine if a chemical or physical change has taken place

  8. Examples: • Copper reacts with substances in air to form a green coating • This coating is known as Patina by artists

  9. Other Examples: • Gold is malleable • It can be hammered into thin sheets and different shapes • Iron melts at • This is extremely high • Sulfur reacts with oxygen to form sulfur dioxide

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