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Contraception

Contraception. Contraception. Birth Control Protect against unplanned pregnancy STIs Protect against sexually transmitted diseases. Teen Pregnancy. 750,000 teens in the US become pregnant every year Most are unplanned. Abstinence. Most effective way to prevent against pregnancy and STIs

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Contraception

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  1. Contraception

  2. Contraception • Birth Control • Protect against unplanned pregnancy • STIs • Protect against sexually transmitted diseases

  3. Teen Pregnancy • 750,000 teens in the US become pregnant every year • Most are unplanned

  4. Abstinence • Most effective way to prevent against pregnancy and STIs • 100% effective every time! • No intercourse, oral sex, or anal sex • No opportunity for the sperm to meet the egg • No side effects

  5. Condoms • Barrier method • Male and female • Males – thin sheath worn over the penis • Females –sheath with a ring at each end; one end is closed and inserted in the vagina, the other end is open and is outside the vagina • Work by keeping semen from entering the vagina

  6. Condoms • Cannot be reused • Work 85% of the time • Increases if always used correctly & effectively • Effective against STIs, however, they do not protect against infections spread from sores on the skin (such as the base of the penis or scrotum) • Cost: $0.50 - $1.00 each

  7. The Pill • Daily pill that contains hormones to change the way the body works and prevent pregnancy • Ovaries and the uterus • Prevents ovulation • Females cannot get pregnant if they don’t ovulate because there is no egg to be fertilized • Thickens the mucus around the cervix • Makes it difficult for sperm to enter • Makes it difficult for the egg to attach to the uterus

  8. The Pill • 28 day cycles • 21 hormone pills • 7 no hormone pills – period • Take pill at the same time each day • When starting, should use additional contraception • Does NOT protect against STIs • 99% effective if taken correctly • Cost: $15 - $50 a month; perscription

  9. The Patch • Thin, square patch that sticks to the skin • Releases hormones through the skin into the bloodstream • Hormones prevent ovulation • Thicken mucous of the cervix • Lining of the uterus • Use based on menstrual cycle • Change the patch once a week, for 3 weeks • Fourth week no patch is worn

  10. The Patch • Applied to one of these areas: • Abdomen, buttocks, upper arm, or upper torso • When starting, use an additional method of contraception • About 92% effective • Does NOT protect against STIs • Cost: $15 - $50 a month; perscription

  11. Intrauterine Device (IUD) • T-shaped piece of plastic about the size of a quarter that is place in the uterus • Two types • Copper covered – prevents sperm from fertilizing the egg; harder for egg to implant the uterus • Releases progesterone – thickens cervical mucus; possibly prevents ovulation • >99% effective • Does NOT protect against STIs

  12. IUDs • Must be inserted by a doctor • Copper IUDs need to be replaced every 10 years • IUDs with hormones need to be replaced every 5 years • Cost: $200 - $400, plus the cost of having the doctor insert it and remove it

  13. Spermicide • Come in several different forms: cream, gel, foam, film, and suppositories • Contain nonoxynol-9, a chemical that kills sperm before it can enter the uterus • Can be used alone, but are more effective when used with another method of birth control, such as a condom or diaphragm • Must be placed in the vagina before sexual intercourse – 15 minutes

  14. Spermicide • Only effective for an hour • 70% effective • Does NOT protect against STIs • Cost: $0.50 - $1 per use; drugstore

  15. Diaphragm • Dome-shaped bowl, made of thin, flexible rubber that sits over the cervix • Keeps sperm from entering the uterus by blocking the cervix • Spermicide is put in the bowl and along its edges for added protection • After sex, the diaphragm must be kept in for at least 6 hours, but not more that 24 hours • Is removed by placing a finger in the vagina to pull it out

  16. Diaphragm • Each time it is removed, it must be washed, rinsed, and air dried, then stored in its case • Should be replaced every 2 years • 85% effective • Does NOT protect against STIs • Must get fit by a doctor • Cost: $15 - $75

  17. Birth Control Shot • Long-acting form of progesterone – prevents ovulation • Is given as an injection in the upper arm or in the buttocks once every 3 months • 97% effective • Does NOT protect against STIs • Must be prescribed by a doctor • Cost: $60, each injection (3 months)

  18. Birth Control Ring • A soft, flexible, doughnut-shaped ring about 2 inches in diameter • inserted into the vagina, where it slowly releases hormones through the vaginal wall into the bloodstream • Affect the ovaries and uterus to prevent ovulation; thicken cervical mucus; affect lining of the uterus • Used based on menstrual cycle

  19. Birth Control Ring • Remains inserted for 3 weeks • After 3 weeks it is removed for 1 week • When starting, another form of BC should be used • Ring held in place by the vaginal muscles • 92% effective • Cost: $30 - $50; perscription

  20. Implantable Contraception • a small, flexible plastic tube containing hormones that doctors insert just under the skin of the upper arm • Hormones • Can be used for up to 3 years • >99% effective • Doesn’t protect against STIs • Doctor • Cost: several hundred - $1000

  21. Permanent methods

  22. Female Sterilization – Tubal Litigation • “Tubes Tied” • Permanent • Woman has her fallopian tubes tied or closed • Sperm cannot meet egg for fertilization • Done in a hospital or out patient surgical center • Effective immediately

  23. Male Sterilization - Vasectomy • Permanent • Operation that prevents a man’s sperm from going to his penis • His ejaculate fluid will never have any sperm in it • Outpatient surgical center • Takes about 12 weeks for sperm count to drop to 0 – use other BC until then • Failures can occur early on

  24. Methods that do not work

  25. Douching • When a girl rinses out her vagina with a solution, such as water and vinegar • It does not prevent pregnancy! • Hundreds of thousand of sperm can reach the uterus by the time a girl begins to douche • The pressure may even push the sperm into the uterus • Vagina has it own natural cleansing system • DON’T USE IT – can lead to infection

  26. Withdrawal • Withdrawal is when a guy removes his penis from the vagina before he ejaculates (also called coitus interruptus or pulling out) • Not an effective way to prevent pregnancy • Pre-ejaculatory fluid • If sperm is ejaculated close to the outside of the vagina, it can swim up into the vagina

  27. Rhythm Method • Females learn to recognize the days they are fertile, and not having sex before and during those days • Women who have irregular cycles and who are not so careful often end up becoming pregnant

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