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Contraception

Contraception. Freshman Health Ramsey High School. Contraception. Intentional prevention of conception through the use of various devices, agents, drugs, sexual practices, or surgical procedures. Questions. How will it fit into your lifestyle? How effective will it be? How safe will it be?

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Contraception

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  1. Contraception Freshman Health Ramsey High School

  2. Contraception • Intentional prevention of conception through the use of various devices, agents, drugs, sexual practices, or surgical procedures.

  3. Questions • How will it fit into your lifestyle? • How effective will it be? • How safe will it be? • How affordable will it be? • Is it reversible? • Does it protect against STDs

  4. Over-the-Counter • Abstinence • Condom • Female Condom • Spermicides • Sponge

  5. Abstinence How It works • Abstaining from sex (do not take part in) • Vaginal, anal, oral

  6. Effectiveness • 100% • In preventing pregnancy and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

  7. Advantages • Prevents pregnancy and STDs • Finding other ways to be intimate with your partner • Talking, listening, sharing, being honest, respecting each others thoughts and feelings

  8. Disadvantages • Peer pressure • May be hard for some people to abstain

  9. Availability/Cost • Costs nothing • Available to everyone

  10. Condom How it works -latex or lambskin sheath that serve as a barrier preventing the passage of sperm as well as disease carrying organisms. -prevents vaginal fluids from entering the male’s urethral opening.

  11. Effectiveness • 82%-98% • More protection is possible if condoms are used with a spermicide.

  12. Advantages • Does not alter hormonal balance • Readily available • Allows men to share responsibility for birth control and STD prevention • No side effects (unless latex allergy)

  13. Disadvantages • Must stop intercourse to apply condom • May lessen sexual sensations • Can slip off or tear

  14. Availability/Cost • Over-the-counter • Drug stores, super markets, family planning clinics, college health centers. • Less than $.50-$2.00/each • F.Y.I. – CAN ONLY BE USED ONCE • Also check expiration dates

  15. Female Condom How It Works • Serves as a barrier method • Polyurethane (plastic) pouch with flexible rings at each end • Used to line the vagina during intercourse • Collects semen

  16. Effectiveness • 79%-95% • Can be used with spermicides

  17. Advantages • Allows woman to share responsibility in preventing STD’s • Do not need an erection to stay in place

  18. Disadvantages • Vaginal irritation • May slip into the vagina during intercourse • Bulky, hard to insert • Less effective than male condom in preventing pregnancy and STD’s • noisy

  19. Availability/Cost • OTC • Drug stores, family planning clinics, some super markets • Costs about $2.50/each

  20. Spermicides How It Works • Chemical agent that immobilizes sperm (nonoxynol-9) • Coats the cervical opening • Comes in a variety of preparations • Foams, creams, jellies, film & suppositories

  21. Effectiveness • 71%-85% • Using a condom increases effectiveness

  22. Advantages • No prescription required • Do not have to interrupt intercourse • Can be inserted beforehand

  23. Disadvantages • High failure rate • Some brands may irritate the penis or vagina • No STD protection • Can be messy (leakage)

  24. Availability/Cost • OTC • Drug stores, some super markets, family planning clinics • $8.00—foam/gel refills cost about $4-$8

  25. The Sponge How It Works • Made of polyurethane foam and contains spermicide • Serves as a barrier covering the cervix • Releases spermicide • Traps and absorbs sperm

  26. Effectiveness • 84%-91% • Women who have never given birth • 68%-80% • Women who have given birth *must be left in for 6 hrs after intercourse

  27. Advantages • Does not interrupt intercourse • Can be inserted hrs ahead of time • Can be worn up to 30 hours • No prescription

  28. Disadvantages • No STD protection • Can get messy • Insertion/removal can be difficult • Vaginal irritation • Increased of TSS

  29. Availability/Cost • OTC • Just put back on the market this fall (Walgreens) • 3-pack--$7.50-$9.00

  30. Prescription Methods • The Pill • The Patch—Ortho Evra • The Ring—Nuva Ring • Diaphragm, caps, shields • The Shot—Depo Provera • IUD-Intrauterine Device

  31. The Pill2 types—combination and progestin-only Combination-pills contain both synthetic estrogen and progestin (like hormones produced in the ovaries). Progestin-only-contains synthetic form of progestin

  32. How it Works • Keeps the ovaries from releasing an agg (ovulation) • Thickens cervical mucus-prevents the passage of sperm • Hormone also affects lining of the uterus-prevents implantation

  33. Effectiveness • 92%-99% • Failure rate increases if: • Pills are started too late in the cycle • 2 or more pills are missed in a row • Pills are taken in wrong order • Taken with antibiotics and other meds.

  34. Advantages • Protection for 1 month • Nothing to do right before intercourse to protect against pregnancy • Regulates menstrual cycle • Less acne • Protection against some cancers • Fewer non-cancerous breast growths • REQUIRES REGULAR CHECK-UPS

  35. Disadvantages • No STD protection • Must take daily pill • Weight gain/loss • Breast tenderness • Nausea • Changes in mood • Health risks

  36. Availability/Cost • By prescription only • Exam ranges from $35-$125 • Monthly packages $20-$35

  37. The Patch—Ortho Evra How It Works • Same as the pill • Thin beige, plastic patch applied to the skin • Change patch once a week for 3 weeks • Do not wear anything for 4th week

  38. Effectiveness • 99% • Failure rate increases • Patch becomes loose or falls off for more than 24 hours • Same patch is left on for more than 1 week

  39. Advantages(specific to The Patch) • Does not involve taking a pill everyday

  40. Disadvantages(specific to The Patch) • Skin reaction at site of application • No STD protection

  41. Availability/Cost • Prescription only • Exam $35-$125 • Patches--$20-$35

  42. Diaphragm, Caps, Shields How It Works • Soft latex or silicone barriers that are intended to fit securely in the vagina to cover the cervix • Holds spermicide in place

  43. Effectiveness(varies with method) • Diaphragm—84%-94% • Shield—85% • Fem Cap • 86% (before childbirth) • 71% (after childbirth)

  44. Advantages • No interruption—can be inserted hours ahead of time • Can be easily carried (purse,pocket) • No hormones • Can be used during breast feeding

  45. Disadvantages • Insertion can be difficult • Can be pushed out of place • Vaginal irritation • Can be messy

  46. Availability/Cost • Prescription only • Exam $50-$200 • Prescription barrier methods $15-$75 • Spermicide $8-$17

  47. The Shot—Depo Provera How it works • Shot of synthetic progesterone (similar to that produced in the ovaries) • Keeps the ovaries from releasing an egg (ovulation) • May thicken cervical mucus • Prevents implantation (uterine lining)

  48. Effectiveness • 97%-99%

  49. Advantages • Can be used by women who cannot take estrogen • Nothing to put in place • Protection against pregnancy for 12 wks • Reduces menstrual cramps • Helps prevent cancer (uterine lining)

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