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Understanding Bacterial and Viral Infections: Focus on Hepatitis and HIV/AIDS

This chapter discusses bacterial infections, their symptoms such as pus, redness, swelling, and more. It describes local, general, and contagious infections, emphasizing common pathogens like Staphylococci and diseases affecting cosmetologists, such as tuberculosis. The chapter also delves into viral infections, including various types of hepatitis and their transmission, symptoms, and available vaccines. Special attention is given to HIV/AIDS, highlighting its impact on the immune system, means of transmission, and prevention methods.

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Understanding Bacterial and Viral Infections: Focus on Hepatitis and HIV/AIDS

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  1. Chapter 5 Bacterial infections Viruses Hepatitis HIV / AIDS

  2. Bacterial Infections • Infections occur when body tissues are invaded by disease-causing or pathogenic bacteria • Presence of pus is a sign of infection • Pus • Fluid product of inflammation • Contains white blood cells • Debris of dead cells • Tissue elements and bacteria

  3. Bacterial Infections • Signs of infection • Pus • Redness • Swelling • Pain • Fever

  4. Bacterial Infections • Local infection • Confined to a single area • Pimple • Boil • Infected cut • Contains pus, which contains bacteria, waste matter, decayed tissue, body cells and living and dead blood cells • Staphylococci • Most common pus-forming bacteria

  5. Bacterial Infections • General infection • Pathogenic bacteria and their toxins are carried to all parts of the body • By way of the bloodstream • Blood poisoning • Syphilis

  6. Bacterial Infections • Contagious or communicable • Spread from one person to another • Direct or indirect contact such as • Coughing • Sneezing • Unclean hands • Unclean implements • Open sores • Common drinking cups • Common towels

  7. Bacterial Infections • Common contagious diseases preventing cosmetologist from working • Tuberculosis • Colds • Ringworm • Scabies • Head lice • Virus infections

  8. Viruses • Submicroscopic structures capable of infecting almost all plants, animals and bacteria • Can pass through the pores of a porcelain filter • Cause common colds • Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections • They include measles, mumps, chicken pox, smallpox, rabies, yellow fever, polio, influenza, HIV (AIDS)

  9. Viruses • Live by penetrating cells • Resistant to antibiotics • Vaccination will prevent • Not available for all viruses

  10. Hepatitis • Disease marked by inflammation of the liver & caused by a blood borne virus similar to HIV/AIDS in transmission • Present in all body fluids • Hepatitis A • Illness lasts about 3 weeks • Symptoms similar to flu • May cause yellowing of skin and eye in adults

  11. Hepatitis • Spread through close contact • Poor sanitation • Personal hygiene • Infected food handlers • Sexual contact • Contaminated food • Milk • Water • Shellfish • Vaccine is available

  12. Hepatitis • Hepatitis B ( HBV ) • Can cause long-term hepatitis, cirrhosis, and/or liver cancer • There may be no symptoms or flu-like symptoms • Primarily transmitted through sexual contact or parenteral ( occurring outside the intestine ) exposure • Piercing mucous membranes or skin barrier • Blood to blood products • Vaccine is available

  13. Hepatitis • Hepatitis C ( HCV ) • Progresses slowly • About 1/3 of those with the illness show no symptoms • When symptoms exist they include • Fatigue • Stomach pain • Headaches

  14. Hepatitis • Hepatitis C • Transferable through parenteral contact • Sexual activity w/infected partners • Passed through blood and body fluids • Unprotected sexual contact • Sharing of IV needles w/infected drug users • Accidents w/needles in health care facilities • Through cut and sores • NO vaccine is available

  15. HIV / AIDS • HIV • Human Immunodeficiency Virus • Causes AIDS • Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome • AIDS breaks down the body’s immune system • Passed through blood and body fluids • Unprotected sexual contact • Sharing of IV needles w/infected drug users • Accidents w/needles in health care facilities • Through cut and sores

  16. HIV / AIDS • Methods for NOT transmitting the disease • Hand holding • Hugging • Kissing • Sharing food or household items • Like telephones or toilet seats • No documented cases of the virus being transmitted by food handlers, insects or casual contact • Can be infected for 11 years without symptoms • A person may be infected and transmitting the disease without even knowing they have the disease

  17. Summary • Infections occur when body tissues are invaded by disease-causing or pathogenic bacteria • Three kinds of infections; local, general and contagious or communicable • Hepatitis A & B have a vaccine available • Hepatitis C does not have a vaccine available • HIV/AIDS breaks down the body’s immune system

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