Professional Academic Writing in a Global Context: Principal research questions

1. Professional Academic Writing in a Global Context: Principal research questions • How is the dominance of English affecting scholars who use languages other than English and live/work in non-English dominant contexts? • In what ways is English as an “academic lingua franca” influencing academic knowledge production and exchange in the twenty first century? • Which texts are successful or unsuccessful in being accepted for publication, and why? • How can a range of methodologies- text, ethnographic, corpus- be combined to explore academic writing in a global context?

2. Considerable pressure to publish in English. Represents a form of capital crucial to receiving raises and promotions, attracting research grants, supporting students. “International” publishing often means English-medium. PHASE 1 Project 2 focuses on specific findings from Project 1 Publishing in L1 or other languages for local, regional, international, applied and research communities. Some scholars are explicitly making an ‘applied’/’theoretical’ distinction in their writings: Applied → L1 national. Theoretical→English international Scholars writing English medium texts for/in different contexts of production and distribution. 1) English medium national; 2) English medium transnational;3) English medium ‘international’. “Literacy brokers” play an important part in English medium text production. 1) Academic disciplinary specialists, journal gatekeepers. 2) Language specialists. 3) English speaking friends/family Literacy brokers influence texts in different and significant ways including the knowledge claims being made. Working in networks and with brokers is as significant/more important to successful English medium (international) publications than individual linguistic/rhetorical “competence” in English.

3. Considerable pressure to publish in English. Represents a form of capital crucial to receiving raises and promotions, attracting research grants, supporting students. “International” publishing often means English-medium. Scholars writing English medium texts for/in different contexts of production and distribution. 1) English medium national; 2) English medium ‘international’. PHASE 1 Project 2..focuses on specific finding from Project 1 Publishing in L1 or other languages for local, regional, international, applied and research communities. Some scholars are explicitly making an ‘applied’/’theoretical’ distinction in their writings: Applied → L1 national. Theoretical→English international “Literacy brokers” play an important part in English medium text production. 1) Academic disciplinary specialists, journal gatekeepers. 2) Language specialists. 3) English speaking friends/family Literacy brokers influence texts in different and significant ways including the knowledge claims being made. Working in networks and with brokers is as significant/more important to successful English medium (international) publications than individual linguistic/rhetorical “competence” in English.

4. Considerable pressure to publish in English. Represents a form of capital crucial to receiving raises and promotions, attracting research grants, supporting students. “International” publishing often means English-medium. PHASE 1 Project 2 - adds another methodology Publishing in L1 or other languages for local, regional, international, applied and research communities. Some scholars are explicitly making an ‘applied’/’theoretical’ distinction in their writings: Applied → L1 national. Theoretical→English international Scholars writing English medium texts for/in different contexts of production and distribution. 1) English medium national; 2) English medium ‘international’. “Literacy brokers” play an important part in English medium text production. 1) Academic disciplinary specialists, journal gatekeepers. 2) Language specialists. 3) English speaking friends/family Literacy brokers influence texts in different and significant ways including the knowledge claims being made. Working in networks and with brokers is as significant/more important to successful English medium (international) publications than individual linguistic/rhetorical “competence” in English. Project 2 Building corpus of published English medium psychology articles

5. Project 2: Principal research questions • How is the dominance of English influencing knowledge production and circulation in psychology? • What are the similarities and differences in the English medium academic journal articles produced by non-Anglophone psychology scholars in Hungary, Slovakia, Spain and Portugal for two distinct contexts of publication: English medium national [EMN] and [EMI]? (content, knowledge claims and linguistic-rhetorical features). • What are the similarities and differences in English medium academic journal articles written by scholars in Anglophone and non-Anglophone contexts? • How do specific practices surrounding text production impact on trajectories towards publication in different contexts of publication?

6. Project 2: Methodology

7. English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written by Anglophone context authors Project 2 Preliminary findings from Project 2- corpus analysis English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written by non Anglophone context authors writing both for national and international contexts of publication Context of publication influences the extent to which non Anglophone authors cite research in local languages (Hungarian, Slovak, Spanish and Portuguese) and in languages other than English Proportion of long sentences varies with contexts of publication. Analysis of EMN and Anglo non-experimental corpora indicate sentences are in longer in articles from Portugal and Spain and shorter in Hungary Preliminary investigations shows that Psychology as a discipline seems to vary according to the context of publication

8. English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written by Anglophone context authors PHASE 2 Preliminary findings from Project 2- corpus analysis English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written and non Anglophone context authors writing both for national and international contexts of publication English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written by Anglophone context authors Context of publication influences the extent to which non Anglophone authors cite research in local languages (Hungarian, Slovak, Spanish and Portuguese) and in languages other than English Proportion of long sentences varies with contexts of publication. Analysis of EMN and Anglo non-experimental corpora indicate sentences are in longer in articles from Portugal and Spain and shorter in Hungary Preliminary investigations shows that Psychology as a discipline seems to vary according to the context of publication

9. English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written by Anglophone context authors PHASE 2 Preliminary findings from Project 2- citation analysis English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written by non Anglophone context authors writing both for national and international contexts of publication English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written and non Anglophone context authors writing both for national and international contexts of publication Context of publication influences the extent to which non Anglophone authors cite research in local languages (Hungarian, Slovak, Spanish and Portuguese) and in languages other than English Work in progress!! Preliminary investigations shows that Psychology as a discipline seems to vary according to the context of publication

10. English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written by Anglophone context authors PHASE2 Preliminary findings from Project 2- corpus analysis English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written and non Anglophone context authors writing both for national and international contexts of publication Context of publication influences the extent to which non Anglophone authors cite research in local languages (Hungarian, Slovak, Spanish and Portuguese) and in languages other than English Context of publication influences the extent to which non Anglophone authors cite research in their own language (Hungarian, Slovak, Spanish and Portuguese) and in languages other than English Work in progress!! Preliminary investigations shows that Psychology as a discipline seems to vary according to the context of publication

11. English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written by Anglophone context authors PHASE 2 Preliminary findings from Project 2- corpus analysis English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written and non Anglophone context authors writing both for national and international contexts of publication Context of publication influences the extent to which non Anglophone authors cite research in local languages (Hungarian, Slovak, Spanish and Portuguese) and in languages other than English What counts as “Psychology “as a discipline varies across national and international contexts of publication Proportion of long sentences varies with contexts of publication. Analysis of EMN and Anglo non-experimental corpora indicate sentences are in longer in articles from Portugal and Spain and shorter in Hungary Preliminary investigations shows that Psychology as a discipline seems to vary according to the context of publication

12. English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written by Anglophone context authors PHASE 2 Preliminary findings from Project 2- corpus analysis English is the dominant language of bibliographical references in texts written and non Anglophone context authors writing both for national and international contexts of publication Context of publication influences the extent to which non Anglophone authors cite research in local languages (Hungarian, Slovak, Spanish and Portuguese) and in languages other than English Different syntactic patterns across EMN and EMI articles. Proportion of long sentences varies with contexts of publication. Work in progress!! Preliminary investigations shows that Psychology as a discipline seems to vary according to the context of publication