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Overview of Networking Basics: Types, Topologies, and Troubleshooting Methods

This chapter covers the fundamental aspects of networking, including the basic requirements of a network, types (LAN and WAN), and topologies (star, bus, ring). It explains the importance of network cabling, communication protocols, and the role of Network Interface Cards (NICs). Additionally, it addresses network maintenance, troubleshooting techniques, and extending networks with devices like repeaters and routers. Understanding these concepts is crucial for effective network connectivity, communication, and resource sharing.

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Overview of Networking Basics: Types, Topologies, and Troubleshooting Methods

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  1. Chapter Overview • Networking requirements • Network types and topologies • Network cabling • Local area network (LAN) communication • Maintaining and troubleshooting networks

  2. Basic Requirements of a Network • A network links computers for communicating and sharing information and resources. • A network must provide • Connections • Communications • Services

  3. Local Area Networks • Cover a limited distance • Allow sharing of data, peripherals, software, and storage

  4. Wide Area Networks • Span relatively large areas • Typically consist of two or more LANs • Are connected using telephone or leased lines

  5. Types of Networks

  6. Star Topology

  7. Bus Topology

  8. Ring Topology

  9. Network Operating System • Network operating systems (NOSs) provide the ability to share file, print, and other services. • Computers can be servers, clients, or both. • The two types of NOSs are add-ons and built-in.

  10. Network Interface Cards (NICs) • Provide the physical connection between the computer’s expansion bus and the network cable • Boost the digital signal from the computer • Change the data stream from wide stream to narrow stream (parallel to serial conversion) • Move data to and from random access memory (RAM) and manage the flow of data to and from the network cable • Buffer the data from the computer

  11. Installation of the NIC

  12. Network Cabling

  13. Specifying the Right Cable

  14. LAN Communication • Ethernet uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) as well as bus topology. • Token ring allows only the station holding the token to transmit data.

  15. Network Protocols • A protocol is a set of rules that govern network communication. • A protocol suite is a group of protocols that can be used together. • The standard protocols are • Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX) • Networked Basic Input/Output System/NetBIOS Enhanced User Interface (NetBEUI) • Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) • AppleTalk • Data Link Control (DLC)

  16. Extending a LAN • Repeaters • Bridges • Routers • Gateways

  17. Reduced bandwidth Loss of data Slow loading of programs and files Unauthorized software Traffic overloads Common mode failures Network security violations Maintaining and Troubleshooting Networks

  18. Network Certification • Microsoft Certified Product Specialist (MCPS) • Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE) • Certified Novell Administrator (CNA) • Certified Novell Engineer (CNE)

  19. Chapter Summary • A network provides connections, communications, and services. • Networks are either peer-to-peer or server-based. • Network topology types are star, bus, and ring. • A NIC connects the computer to the network. • Network cable types are twisted-pair, coaxial, and fiberoptic. • A network protocol provides the rules for network communications. • Networks can be extended with repeaters, bridges, routers, and gateways.

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