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Imperialism in China: Carving the Dragon

Imperialism in China: Carving the Dragon. 1750-1914 Lesson 6. Main Ideas:. China’s isolationist policies led to their decline in the face of European domination The opium trade reversed China’s domination of trade with the West

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Imperialism in China: Carving the Dragon

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  1. Imperialism in China: Carving the Dragon 1750-1914 Lesson 6

  2. Main Ideas: • China’s isolationist policies led to their decline in the face of European domination • The opium trade reversed China’s domination of trade with the West • The Opium Wars led to an eventual “carving up” of Chinese territory and the breakdown of the imperial system

  3. Qing China • The Manchus & comparison to Mongols • Qing society & economy • Neo-Confucianism • Bureaucracy • Tax reorganization • Problems of decline • population crisis • bureaucratic corruption • crop failure

  4. Reviewing the Canton System • Western trade at Canton • primarily inter-Asian trade • exchange items • tea for silver • tribute • $$ & diplomatic submission

  5. The Macartney Mission, 1792 • Lord Macartney • procure trade rights • dispute over the kowtow • Qianlong’s response • Chinese perception of British • compare to Japan

  6. Origins of the Opium Trade • India & production • industrialization • Legal & illegal trade • Statistics • 1830: more silver out than in • tax problems • 1839: 40,000 chests @133 lbs./chest

  7. Origins of the Opium Trade • Impacts • agricultural production • Opium Dens • Lin Zexu’s letter to Queen Victoria • Blockade & the “Canton Opium Party”

  8. The Opium Wars, 1839-42 • Britain vs. China • Nature of the war • Role of the navy • Nemesis vessels • Capture of Canton • Treaty of Nanjing (“Unequal Treaties”) • The Open Door in China • Port leases & “Sphere’s of Influence” • Diplomatic Missions

  9. The Opium Wars, 1839-42

  10. Rebellion & Reform • The Taiping Rebellion, 1850-64 • Hong Xinquan’s “inspiration” • Goals • destroy decadent traditional systems • social reforms • Put down by provincial armies

  11. Rebellion & Reform • Self-Strengthening (1860s-98) • modernizing reforms (similar to Meiji) • too sporadic to bring real change • 100 Days Reforms, 1898 • Kang Youwei at imperial court • Land, tax, economic reforms • Removed by Dowager Empress Cixi & army conservatives • Boxer Rebellion, 1898-1901 • Cixi goes back to 100 Days reforms!

  12. What It Means • Massive Western influences • Puppet govt. through the imperial court • Corruption in Forbidden City • Slow reforms: not conservative vs. change, but entrenched interests! • “The National Shame”

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