1 / 23

The Age of Jefferson

1801-1816. The Age of Jefferson. Was much more casual then past Pres’ Wanted to make gov . more democratic All people have the same rights Wanted to end political disputes Wanted to lessen the Fed. Gov’s power. New Economic Policies Reduced federal budget to keep debt low

niles
Télécharger la présentation

The Age of Jefferson

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. 1801-1816 The Age of Jefferson

  2. Was much more casual then past Pres’ • Wanted to make gov. more democratic • All people have the same rights • Wanted to end political disputes • Wanted to lessen the Fed. Gov’s power

  3. New Economic Policies • Reduced federal budget to keep debt low • Albert Gallatin (Sec. of Treasury) & Jefferson believed in laissez fair (leave alone) and a free market (goods & services are exchanged w/ little regulation) • Gov. should play as small a role as possible in gov. • Less Active Gov. • Repeal whiskey tax, reduced army & navy & gov. jobs • Kept Bank of US & continued to pay off state debts

  4. 2. Strengthening the Supreme Court • Adams appointed 58 Federalists to jobs in Gov. b4 term ended • Jefferson told Madison not to seal papers so appointees couldn’t take office • William Marbury was one & sued Madison for writ of assistance (forced) to give papers from Judiciary Act • Chief Justice John Marshall had to decide case

  5. Marshall wrote that Judiciary Act was unconstitutional • Gave Supreme Court power of Judicial Review • Jefferson unhappy b/c he thought it went against balance of 3 branches

  6. The Louisiana Purchase • Surrendered by Spain to France in 1800 • Voided Pinckney Treaty • Gave U.S. right of deposit in New Orleans • Threatened hold on lands W. of Appalachians • Farmers might not get crops to market. • Feared Napoleon building a N. American empire – Which was his plan!

  7. Toussaint L’Ouverture • Led a slave revolt on the island of Hispaniola • Finally crushed after Napoleon sent 20,000 troops • Ended Napoleon’s dream of a N. American empire

  8. Negotiations • James Monroe & Robert Livingston -Sent to France to negotiate deal • Authorized to purchase New Orleans & W. Florida for up to $10 million • Talleyrand - French offered all of Louisiana for $15 million in 1803 • 60 million francs or 3¢ per acre • Monroe & Livingston agreed w/o consent of Jefferson or Congress

  9. Jefferson’s Dilemma • Believed negotiation had no power to add new territory or to grant citizenship to residents of territory • So concluded the purchase was unconstitutional • He submitted the treaty to the Senate anyway, which easily ratified • Opposed by the Federalists • B/c the W. had been voting Republican = More western states, more Republicans, less control for Federalists

  10. Lewis and Clark • Sent to explore the Louisiana Purchase(1804-06) • Meriwether Lewis – Jefferson’s personal secretary & William Clark – professional soldier left from St. Louis in 1804 • Assisted by Sacajawea - Shoshone guide & translator • Followed course of Missouri R. to mouth of Columbia R. • Giving the U.S. claims to the Oregon Country

  11. Achievements of Lewis & Clark Expedition • Pike traveled to Colorado mountains named Pikes Peak and into Mexico & Texas Described plants & animals they saw Created map of route to Pacific Ocean Lewis & Clark Expedition Reported on climate in regions they visited Gathered info on N.A. they met Explored large area of Louisiana Purchase

  12. New Threats Overseas • Began trading in Pacific NW & to China • Traded in Med. Sea but dangerous in Barbary States (N. Africa) • Had to pay yearly tribute (bribe) to trade • Pirates captured goods & ships until 1805 • Led to bigger US Navy • 1803 – Britain & France had another war • US stayed neutral while F. & B. again took US ships • B. used impressment (force ppl into service) of US sailors

  13. Jefferson issued Embargo Act (ban on trade) hoping to hurt Britain & France • Hurt Americans selling items & buying supplies • Ppl smuggled (importing or exporting goods illegally) • Nonintercourse Act: repealed Embargo Act & said US can trade w/ every1 but F & B • 1808 – James Madison was easily elected

  14. The Road to War • Native Americans & settlers began fighting over land west of App. Mtns. • N.A. mad settlers built farms & hunted their animals • Techumseh tried to form confederation in Ohio to stop white settlers • Settlers fought NA in Battle of Tippecanoe • Both suffered heavy losses but settlers won • NA still vowed to resist settlers

  15. F. agreed to peace if US would trade w/ only them • War Hawks: merchants, South & West settlers who wanted to go to war w/ B. • Led by Henry Clay (Kentucky) who had strong sense of nationalism (devotion to one’s country) • Wanted to punish B. for taking ships & impressment • Conquer Canada & gain Florida from Spain (ally of B.) • B. were giving ammunition & weapons to encourage N.A. to fight settlers

  16. British continued to take US ships • 1811 battle in NYC – US crippled war ship • June 1812 – Madison & Congress declare war on B.

  17. War of 1812 • US unprepared 4 war • Army small & poorly trained & navy ships # small • Most of B. troops fighting French still • 8/1812 – USS Constitution defeats HMS Guerriere, which stunned British • US tried for Canada but B. general made it look like had more soldiers • Battle of Lake Erie • American Oliver Perry won lake for US

  18. 1814 B. defeated F. so focus turned on US • Aug. 1814 – British easily defeated untrained US soldier in Washington D.C. • Burned White House & other buildings • Marched north to Baltimore & Fort McHenry • Americans able to defeat them • Francis Scott Key wrote “The Star-Spangled Banner”

  19. Battle of New Orleans – 1815 • B. wanted to sail up Miss. River • Andrew Jackson, Tenn. Officer, took control of frontiers fighters who were well trained • Americans dug trenches waiting for B. to attack • Over 2,000 B. were killed in battle = 7 Americans • Battle actually took place 2 weeks after peace treaty

  20. African Americans helped US win in army & navy • New Englanders & Federalists disliked war b/c new states meant less influence in gov. for them • Hartford Convention – threatened to leave union • Treaty of Ghent – Dec. 24, 1814 • Restore prewar conditions • Nothing about impressments or neutrality

More Related