1. Nordic research networks Peter Villemoes NORDUnet A/S NORDUnet 2000 Helsinki 28-30 September 2000

2. NORDUnet mission • Common international service provider for the Nordic national networks for research, by connecting them to each other and to the rest of the world • Common Nordic platform for international research network collaboration • International service provider for research networks in the Estonia, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine • Network development in the Nordunet2 project

3. NORDUnet organisation • Legal body is Danish limited company - NORDUnet A/S • Shareholders are the Nordic states or state institutions • DK - UNI-C • FI - Ministry of education • IS - University of Iceland • NO - UNINETT • SE - Högskoleverket • Board members are representatives of the national networks, mostly the national managers • Financed by the Nordic national networks

4. USA 455 45 NETNOD D-GIX 255 4 310 310 4 310 622 310 310 1 Ten-155 Teleglobe 4 GTS NORDUnet connections

5. USA diversified Transatlantic links (CANTAT-3, AC-1) duplicated commercial connections (GTS, Teleglobe) Europe diversified TEN-155 connections to Amsterdam and Frankfurt diversified connections to NETNOD Nordic diversified links to central Nordic countries backup arrangement on Iceland General Distributed Stockholm node over two sites Resiliency

6. Stockholm layout Stockholm layout 60, Hudson St New York GTS/Ebone USA TEN-155 TEN-155 IS GTS CEEC USA GTS USA SE SE NETNOD KTH Östra Wasa 622M DPT TG TG TG TG DK NO DK NO FI FI

7. Traffic from USA Mbit/s 1000 Monthly average 100 +103 per cent / year 10 1997 1998 1999 2000

8. Extra-Nordic Bandwidth 10,000 1,000 +144 per cent/ year Mbit/s 100 10 1 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

9. NORDUnet Cost

10. Unit bandwidth cost - 43 per cent / year

11. Nordic networks 87 % Other 2 % CEEC 3 % US NSF 1 % EU 7 % Expenditure Income Other 4% Nordic 19% USA 58% Europe 19%

12. The Nordic networks

13. Nordic users and cost

14. NSFnet was the world hub until 1996 vBNS did not take over after NSFnet and commercial nets did not focus on research needs The STARTAP in Chicago was then created in 1998 In 2000 also Abilene offers transit inside USA and USA is again a world hub for research networks NORDUnet connected to STARTAP and Abilene since 1999 and will use Abilene for transit from 2001 The world wide research net

15. Intercontinental connectivity Canada Far East STARTAP Chicago USA Russia Europe South America 45M NORDUnet Stockholm Abilene New York 622M 155M

16. USA Abilene vBNS ESnet NREN MREN Canada CA*net3 South America Chile World wide peers Far East SingaAREN SINET APAN TAnet Europe TEN-155

17. GEMSviz at iGRID 2000 Paralleldatorcentrum KTH Stockholm INET NORDUnet STAR TAP APAN Universityof Houston

18. Stockholm demo 1999

19. Traffic sharing with commercial networks Traffic with the commercial Internet is an important part of an institution’s Internet traffic NORDUnet and the national networks can reduce the cost of commercial traffic by no-cost-exchange peering Peering has not been possible for commercial traffic with the USA, but cost optimisation can be achieved by bulk purchase USA commercial traffic is now cheaper via general purpose commercial networks than over the traditional dedicated transatlantic links In the future it may be expected that dedicated international and intercontinental bandwidth (links) will be needed for research network traffic only (ex. TEN-155, Abilene, STARTAP)

20. Future NORDUnet must continue to respond to the needs of the Nordic national networks Plan for next year Set up a Nordic 2.5G structure as the physical basis for the Nordic collaboration Create and connect to a 2.5G European backbone (Géant) Consolidate USA connections into possibly 2.5G, with assured bandwidth for the research traffic

21. 2.5G NORDUnet

22. www.nordu.net