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School of Computing FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

School of Computing FACULTY OF ENGINEERING. A Logical Model of an Event Ontology for Exploring Connections in Historical Domains (A case study in the History of Science). Ilaria Corda, PhD Candidate School of Computing, University of Leeds. ilaria@comp.leeds.ac.uk. Research Goal and Focus.

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School of Computing FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

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  1. School of Computing FACULTY OF ENGINEERING A Logical Model of an Event Ontology for Exploring Connections in Historical Domains (A case study in the History of Science) Ilaria Corda, PhD Candidate School of Computing, University of Leeds ilaria@comp.leeds.ac.uk

  2. Research Goal and Focus Identifying relevant connections between factual information and events in historical domains. Investigating how an ontology-based approach can be used to unveil and explore associations and relationships between historical events. DeRIVE Workshop

  3. Motivation What is the impact of the invention of the telescope? Too much information and often unrelated, I am confused! I do not know where to start from… Exploring connections between events is paramount in historical domains [ Akker et al. 2011; Hefke & Abecker 2009 ] Does use of the telescope lead to the discovery of the Jupiter’s Moons? Ontology-based approaches to information [Hyvonen et al . 07; Doer et al. 07] Temporal and causal dependencies [Deswarte & Oosthoek, 2005; Pessoa 2001] Users do not know what it is useful for their purposes[Belkin 08; Marchionini 06 ] DeRIVE Workshop

  4. Overview of our Approach Combinative approach to event modelling and semantic narratives The Event Ontology Model underpins our approach to exploring events DeRIVE Workshop

  5. Event Ontology Model • Lack of both formal and practical event-centered approaches • Domain-independent versus domain dependent [Fernando 08 ; Ram Nevatia & Bolles 04; Shafer et al. 00] • Event modelling in Cultural Heritage domains [Akker et. Al. 11, Segers 11; Hyvnen et. al. 09] • Event approaches for enhancing interoperability[Doerr et al. 07; Scherp et. al. 09; Shaw et. al. 09] So….Yet another Ontology Model? DeRIVE Workshop

  6. Modelling Events Observe discover(Galileo, Jupiter Moons) (e) e e e time(e, 1610-01) instrument(e, telescope) place(e, Rome) DeRIVE Workshop

  7. Formal Ontology Model Concept and Binary Propositions Time and Events Propositions ATOMIC PROPOSITIONS & CONSTRUCTS ATOMIC TERMS Allen’s Interval Algebra Relations DeRIVE Workshop

  8. Implementation • Prolog-based Implementation: • 198 Concepts including 14upper level & 184 lower level classes; • 500 Individuals; • 140 Events; • 53 Binary Relation; • 140 Instantiated binary relations. DeRIVE Workshop

  9. Dealing with Time : Granularity and Incidents (e)(discover(Galileo, Jupiter Moons, e), time(e, 1610-01)) Is incident within (e)(observe(Galileo,Saturn, e), time(e, 1610)) DeRIVE Workshop

  10. Reasoning with Events and Time precede (i,j) start (i,j) finish (i,j) meet (i,j) contain (i,j) overlap (i,j) equal (i,j) Discovered ALLEN Semantics of temporal relations LARITY GRANU Invented e2 January 1610 e1 Precede(e1, e2), Time-end(e1, 1608) Time-begin(e2, 1610-01) DeRIVE Workshop 1608

  11. Representing Connections: Semantic Links DeRIVE Workshop

  12. Constructing Semantic Trajectories A Semantic Trajectory is a sequence of Connected Semantic Links: Galileo Galilei as a focus f Constraints on Semantic Trajectories: • Length • Link types • Focus DeRIVE Workshop

  13. Evaluation Application Domain: Knowledge Discovery for Essay Writing • Findings: • Able to generate ST for each sub-task/questions • Strong Agreements on `good’/`bad’ trajectories • Causal relations need explanations • Trajectories only based on temporal information can be redundant (weighting/filtering mechanism) DeRIVE Workshop

  14. Overview of Outputs and Limitations • Static ontology (role and temporal validity) • One-view ontology (beliefs and views) • Broader Evaluation (within other Application Domains) • Semantic Trajectories are not ranked (weighting) • Event-centered holistic framework for exploring connections • Formal model(s) mirrored in a modular implementation • Conducted Evaluation DeRIVE Workshop

  15. Summary • Research Goal • Identifying relevant connections between factual information and events in historical domains. • Approach • Holistic framework to explore connections between events (formal & practical implementation); • Unified approach for modelling events (event-token reification) and reasoning with events and time (Allen’s Interval Algebra and notion of incidents); • Event Ontology Model, which underlies formal definitions of connections (Semantic Links), how they are paired (Connected Semantic Links) and how they are used for generating Semantic Trajectories. DeRIVE Workshop

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