Nucleoid with double-stranded, circular, super-helical chromosomes

1. CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH O O O O O O NAM-NAG-NAM NAM-NAG-NAM Peptidoglycan: Glucose  NAG  NAM , cross-linked by β 1-4 link on C4 O O O O OH OH OH OH OH OH O | HCCH3 | C = O | NH | L. ALA | D. GLU | Meso DAPA | D. ALA | D. ALA NH | C = O | CH3 Outer Membrane with Porins (OMPS): exclusion regulators and Efflux pumps O | HCCH3 | C = O | NH | L. ALA | D. GLU | L. Lys | D. ALA | D. ALA NH | C = O | CH3 NH | C = O | CH3 NH | C = O | CH3 O | HCCH3 | C = O | NH | L. ALA | D. GLU | L. LYS | D. ALA | D. ALA O | HCCH3 | C = O | NH | L. ALA | D. GLU | Meso DAPA | D. ALA | D. ALA NH | C = O | CH3 NH | C = O | CH3 Periplasmic Space: Nutrient stores (glycogen), chemophores (sideophores) and enzymes (β lactamase) Braun Lipoprotein: Lipophilic and hydrophilic Trans-peptidase Trans-peptidase Bayer’s Junction: Where bacteriophages inject their DNA GLYS Endospore: Gram + only. Resists UV light, heat, cold, wet, dry. SPO regulon Carboxy-peptidase Carboxy-peptidase β-OH Myristic Acid O Ag Lipid A Flagella: Filament, hook (H Ag), and 4 rings (LPSM); ATP  ADP = rings turn Core Poly-saccharide Pili: Conjugation or Immuno-avoidance (Evasins and Adhesins) Protein 2-3 KDO Endotoxins Protein Hydrophobic layer Capsule: K Ag; used for defense and nutrient storage H Ag H Ag Cytoplasmic membrane: Chemiosmotic gradient, Nutrient acq/ waste exclusion, polymer synthesis L P S M K Ag Inclusions/ granules: Food reserves, esp glycogen, lipids, polyphosphates (aka Babes-Ernst or volutin granules) Ribosomes: 30 S= 16S RNA + 50 S= 23S RNA Total = 70 S total Svedberg Units K Ag Nucleoid with double-stranded, circular, super-helical chromosomes Plasmid/ Cosmid: VFs, Ab-resistance genes, Conjugation apparatus (Hfr) Mesosomes: Allow for detachment and reattachment of DNA during binary fission. GRAM NEG GRAM POS