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GEOLOGIC MAPPING

GEOLOGIC MAPPING. 2014 EVENT OVERVIEW. mvanhecke@comcast.net. PRESENTED BY:. Mark a. vanhecke National Science Olympiad Earth-space science event chair. PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES:. Identify event parameters for the 2014 Geologic Mapping Event. Identify the basic features of geologic maps.

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GEOLOGIC MAPPING

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  1. GEOLOGIC MAPPING 2014 EVENT OVERVIEW

  2. mvanhecke@comcast.net PRESENTED BY: Mark a. vanheckeNational Science OlympiadEarth-space science event chair

  3. PRESENTATION OBJECTIVES: Identify event parameters for the 2014 Geologic Mapping Event Identify the basic features of geologic maps Use a geologic map diagram to construct a cross section and project map features Interpret a block diagram and order rock strata from oldest to youngest

  4. 2014 GEOLOGIC MAPPING EVENT OVERVIEW

  5. 2014 EVENT OVERVIEW Identify basic features of geologic maps Interpret geologic map features including intrusions, subsurface geometries, deformation features and subsurface depositional features Identify folds, fault types and erosional patterns Construct fault sections, topographic profiles, projections of mapped features

  6. 2014 EVENT OVERVIEW Identify structural elements shown in geologic maps including synforms, antiforms, basins, monoclines, domes and saddles Determine bed thicknesses, true dip and orientations of planes from point

  7. 2014 GEOLOGIC MAPPING WHAT IS A GEOLOGIC MAP?

  8. WHAT ARE GEOLOGIC MAPS? A geologic map shows: Mappable Rock Layers Mappable sediment layers that cover up the rocks Geologic structures including folds, faults and intrusions ‘Mappable’ rock layers are recognized consistently across a landscape

  9. WHAT ARE GEOLOGIC MAPS? Mappable units of rock and sediment may be identified using letter symbols

  10. WHAT ARE GEOLOGIC MAPS? Mappable units of rock and sediment may also use colors, patterns or combinations of letter symbols and colors/patterns

  11. Geology and geologic history

  12. Practical applications

  13. Natural resources

  14. geohazards

  15. Groundwater

  16. 2014 GEOLOGIC MAPPING BASIC FEATURESOF GEOLOGIC MAPS

  17. Geologic maps

  18. BASIC FEATURES OF GEOLOGIC MAPS The basic features of a geologic map are the map itself and the legend or key used to explain the symbols, colors/patterns

  19. Stratigraphic columns

  20. Cross sections

  21. Block diagrams

  22. 2014 GEOLOGIC MAPPING DRAWING A CROSS SECTION

  23. DRAWING A GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION A geologic map identifies different rock types and where they can be seen on the surface

  24. DRAWING A GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION A cross section of a geologic map is a vertical slice of the Earth’s surface that shows what the underlying geologic structure at that location looks like

  25. DRAWING A GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION A cross section of a geologic map also shows the boundaries between different types of rock found on the surface

  26. DRAWING A GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION A cross section of a geologic map also shows the orientation of rock layers where they intersect the surface. The orientation or direction of rock layers is expressed as Strike and Dip.

  27. DRAWING A GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION Strike refers to the compass bearing (direction) of a line formed by the intersection of a horizontal plane and an inclined layer of rock. N NE Angle of the strike is from NE to SW In a strike-dip symbol, the larger line refers to the Strike SW

  28. DRAWING A GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION Dip refers to the angle between a horizontal plane and the inclined stratum of rock, fault or fracture Strike Line Dip Direction Horizontal Plane 45º

  29. DRAWING A GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION In a strike-dip symbol, the smaller line indicates Dip 45

  30. DRAWING A GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION The location of the dip line in relation to the strike line indicates the direction of the dip. 24 Rock layer dips to the west 45 Rock layer dips to the east

  31. DRAWING A GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION Solve the strike and dip problems given on Worksheet 1 Section 1

  32. 35 35 40 40 50 40 50 WORKSHEET 1: SECTION 1 ANSWERS East Strike East Dip West SE NW SE

  33. DRAWING A GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION Strike and Dip is usually expressed in bearings (Quadrants)

  34. DRAWING A GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION Writing strike and dip coordinates Strike= N45ºW 24 Dip= 24ºSW Dip= 43ºN 43 Strike= N90ºE

  35. DRAWING A GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION On Worksheet 1 Section 2 measure the angle of strike and write out the bearings for the strike and dip measurements given

  36. 38 52 WORKSHEET 1: SECTION 2 ANSWERS Strike = N44ºW (or S44ºE) Dip= 52ºSW Strike= N82ºE (or S82ºW) Dip= 38ºNW

  37. DRAWING A GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION STEP 1 On Worksheet 2, draw a horizontal line just below the diagram as shown below

  38. DRAWING A GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION STEP 2 Transfer all available information from the diagram as shown to the line you just drew.

  39. DRAWING A GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION STEP 3 Indicate the locations of boundaries between layers on the horizontal line as shown

  40. DRAWING A GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION STEP 4 Use a protractor to measure the direction and angle of the dip and draw a small line on the horizontal line for each as shown

  41. DRAWING A GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION How are different outcrops of the same layer connected? How do dip angles and directions change above and below the surface?

  42. DRAWING A GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION STEP 5 Connect the boundary lines for each layer as shown

  43. 2014 GEOLOGIC MAPPING PRINCIPLES OF STRATIGRAPHY

  44. 2014 GEOLOGIC MAPPING INTERPRETINGA BLOCK DIAGRAM

  45. INTERPRETING A BLOCK DIAGRAM Block diagrams show different rock strata and changes that have been made over time to their layering

  46. INTERPRETING A BLOCK DIAGRAM Original Horizontality Superposition Fault Igneous Intrusion Nonconformity

  47. INTERPRETING A BLOCK DIAGRAM

  48. INTERPRETING A BLOCK DIAGRAM OLDEST YOUNGEST

  49. INTERPRETING A BLOCK DIAGRAM Disconformity Original Horizontality Superposition Angular Disconformity Igneous Intrusions Faults Nonconformity

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