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Five-year Plans

Alejandra Zelaya Gabriela Zaldívar. Five-year Plans . ORGANIZATION OF THE FIVE-YEAR PLANS. Central planning Role of Gosplan Features of the Five-years plan Foreign involvement. . Central Planning. New base of soviet economy.

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Five-year Plans

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  1. Alejandra Zelaya Gabriela Zaldívar Five-year Plans

  2. ORGANIZATION OF THE FIVE-YEAR PLANS Central planning Role of Gosplan Features of the Five-years plan Foreign involvement.

  3. Central Planning • New base of soviet economy. • State decided what would be produced and where it would be allocated. • Targets to reach!

  4. Role of Gosplan • Set up in 1921 • Calculate figure for targets.

  5. Features of the Five-Year plans • Develop heavy industry in order to improve conditions. • “Autarky” • Plans always a year ahead. • New industrial centers E.g, Magnitorsk

  6. Foreign involvement • Great involvement of foreign companies • Factor: Great depression • Henry Ford • Create of Hope

  7. EVALUATION OF THE FIVE-YEAR PLANS First-1928-1932 Second-1933-1937 Third- 1938-1941

  8. Evaluation 1928-1932 • Emphasized heavy industry • New tractors.= mechanization • Weakness in other sectors

  9. Evaluation 1933-1937 • Emphasize in communications (railways) • Big projects such as Dniemprostroi dam • 41/2 thousand enterprises.

  10. Evaluation 1938-1941 • Carried for only 31/2 years. • Entry to 2nd World War. • Emphasize in weapons.

  11. THE IMPACT ON THE WORKERS Reaction Role of women Expansion of the labour force Positives and negatives

  12. Reaction • Working class and young workers enthusiastic. • Volunteers for long-distance projects • Dislike of NEP • Attractive rewards.

  13. Role of women • New labour source! • 10 million women entered workforce. • Good at teaching and medicine. • 1930’s= 44% of workforce • HOWEVER there was great inequality.

  14. Expansion of the labour force • Requirement of the five-years plan. • Creation of proletariat of workers. • Peasants forced to become workers. • Less than 7% of workers where skilled

  15. Problems within labour force and measures introduced • Reward payments.(bonuses. • Motivation for workers such as honors. • Training programs unsuccessful. • Propaganda to encourage productivity. Soviet propaganda poster, In the strugglefor Fuel and Metal produced in 1933. With the aim of spurring the workerstofulfill the fiveyearplans.

  16. Case Study: Alexei Stakhanov • Did a record on coal extraction 1935. • Started the “Stakhanovite movement” • New inspiration for workers, since they where able to see the great reward

  17. Pressure of the managers • Labour shortages. • Raw material shortages. • Competition of military spending.

  18. Impact on urban living standards • Not managed to improve living conditions. • Lack of consumer goods and food being rationed. • Consumption decline. • Cities growing with 200,000 people per MONTH. • “Life has become better, comrades, life has become more joyous”-Stalin

  19. Case Study: Magnitogorsk • Mining industrial city • Created from scratch. • Iron and steel work. • Stalin’s objective

  20. How successful were the Five-year plans for industry? Successful Not successful • Achieved substantial growth of heavy industry. • Comparing to 1928 conditions USSR was looking better. • Clearly set the priorities necessary for the circumstances it had. • Targets achieved through bribery, corruption, major shortages and poor product quality. • Overcrowding increased due to peasant movement. • # major industries still behind.

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