Places, Models, and Modalities of Practice in Therapeutic Recreation

1. chapter5 Places, Models, and Modalities of Practice Richard Williams, EdD, CTRS

2. Learning Outcomes • Identify potential places of practice for therapeutic recreation professionals • Describe elements of predominant models of practice • Identify philosophical differences and similarities across such models • Identify conceptual differences and similarities across such models • Identify commonly used therapeutic recreation modalities • Identify potential applications of various modalities within specific client populations

3. Settings • Hospitals • Acute care • Outpatient services • Psychiatric care • Rehabilitation hospitals • Nursing homes • Municipal therapeutic recreation settings • Other settings • Correctional facilities • Camps • Wilderness therapy • Schools

4. Practice Models • Leisure Ability • Peterson and Gunn, 1984; Stumbo and Peterson, 1998 • Functional intervention • Physical • Mental • Social • Emotional • Leisure education • Leisure awareness • Leisure resources • Social skills • Activity skills • Recreation participation (continued)

5. Practice Models (continued) • Health Protection-Health Promotion • Austin, 1997 • Prescriptive activities • Recreation • Health (continued)

6. Practice Models (continued) • Recreation Service Model • Burlingame, 1998 • Attempts to integrate therapeutic recreation services into the wider system of health care delivery • Based on World Health Organization (WHO) model of health care service • Therapeutic recreation services are then to be provided within the context of this model.

7. Therapeutic RecreationTreatment Modalities • Defining treatment modality • Common modalities • Games • Exercise • Parties • Arts and crafts • Community reintegration activities • Music • Problem-solving activities • Sports • Self-esteem activities • Activities of daily living (continued)

8. Therapeutic RecreationTreatment Modalities (continued) • Different modalities are appropriate for different populations (table 5.1) • Therapeutic recreation specialists must identify potential modalities, ensure that they are appropriate for client goals, and implement them in a competent manner (table 5.2).

9. Common Modalities in Rehabilitation • Kinney et al., 2004 • Community reintegration • Games • Arts and crafts • Problem solving • Exercise • Additional common rehabilitation modalities are presented in chapter 8

10. Common Modalities in Mental Health • Kinney et al., 2004 • Games • Self-esteem experiences • Problem solving • Exercise • Arts and crafts • Additional common modalities in mental health are presented in chapter 10

11. Common Modalities for Older Adults • Kinney et al., 2004 • Music • Parties • Games • Exercise • Arts and crafts • Additional common modalities for older adults are presented in chapter 12

12. Discussion Questions • Why have many therapeutic recreation service models been proposed? • Which therapeutic recreation service model presented in this chapter appears to be the most useful? • In which therapeutic recreation setting would you most like to work? • With the large number of therapeutic recreation treatment options available, how does a therapeutic recreation specialist choose which interventions to use with her or his clients? • What is the difference between the implementation of a therapeutic recreation intervention such as arts and crafts and a client’s choice to do a crafts project in her free time?