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Form and Function in Invertebrates

Form and Function in Invertebrates. Section 19-3. Lecture Outline. Support and Movement Feeding and Digestion Internal Transport Respiration Excretion Response Reproduction. Support and Movement. Hydrostatic skeletons Exoskeletons Endoskeletons.

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Form and Function in Invertebrates

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  1. Form and Function in Invertebrates Section 19-3

  2. Lecture Outline • Support and Movement • Feeding and Digestion • Internal Transport • Respiration • Excretion • Response • Reproduction

  3. Support and Movement • Hydrostatic skeletons • Exoskeletons • Endoskeletons

  4. Support is provided by water-filled body cavities muscles contract and push against water in the body cavities Use circular and longitudinal muscles Earthworm Sea anemone (figure 19-16) Hydrostatic skeletons

  5. Setae grip soil and for allow movement

  6. Sea Anemone

  7. Made of chitin Jointed excellent mechanical advantage but heavy growth involves shedding Arthropods insects spiders crustaceans Exoskeletons

  8. Lighter Easier growth Vertebrates-bones Sponges Some echinoderms Endoskeleton

  9. Feeding and Digestion • Intracellular • Extracellular • See figure 19-17 In the Hydra...

  10. Protista – In the cell!

  11. Intracellular Digestion Endocytosis! A lysosome with digestive enzymes combines with a food vacuole allowing intracellular digestion. Where is endocytosis?

  12. Intracellular Digestion • “gastro” – digestion • “vascular” - circulation • A gastro vascular cavity not only helps with digestion, but also with the circulation (It gives access to the internal layer of cells!) Feeding?

  13. Nematocyst: – a stinging cell (Cnidoblast)

  14. Intracellular Digestion • Sponges by filter feeding • Cnidarians and flatworms use gastrovascular cavity • Small food particles are consumed – limiting!

  15. Extracellular digestion • More advanced • Tube-within-a-tube body plan • One-way movement • Mouth and anus • Food moves into blood vessels lining digestive cavity

  16. Setae grip soil and for allow movement

  17. Internal transport • Open Circulatory Systems • Closed Circulatory Systems

  18. Blood from the heart is NOT entirely contained in blood vessels Blood released into sinuses GRASSHOPPER Location of Heart? See figure 19-18 Open Circulatory Systems

  19. Dorsal Heart in Grasshopper

  20. Blood always enclosed in blood vessels diffusion occurs through walls of capillaries EARTHWORM # of hearts? Pumping direction? Closed Circulatory System

  21. RespirationGetting Oxygen! • Needs • Solutions

  22. Respiration: Needs • Large surface area • moist respiratory surface • protected • contact with environment

  23. Respiration: Solutions • Live in water …or use • Skin • Gills • Book lungs • Trachea

  24. Respiration: Solutions • Live in water …or use • Skin - Earthworm • Gills – (Fish), Lobster: gills attached to legs • Book lungs – Spider, pages of a book • Trachea – Insects use tracheal tubes!

  25. Book Lungs in a Spider

  26. Trachea in a Grasshopper

  27. Trachea means a tube with air The oxygen is not in the blood. Humans carry oxygen in the blood. Insects use tracheal tubes! oxygen Trachea in a Grasshopper

  28. Excretion • Water • Nitrogen • Ammonia • Urea • Uric acid • What type of nitrogen-containing compound is used if the animal lives in water? NH3 - Ammonia

  29. PLANARIA excretory pore flame cells EARTHWORM nephridia excretory pore segmented GRASSHOPPER Malpighian tubules Lots of water ammonia Some water Urea Little water Uric Acid Excretion in …

  30. Nephridia – two per segment

  31. UREA

  32. Centralization nerves concentrated in ganglia or nerve rings Cephalization Brains in anterior region Specialized sensory cells in anterior region Bilateral symmetry Response

  33. Reproduction • Great variety • Sexual: increase genetic diversity • Asexual

  34. 1 b 2 d 3 c 4 a 5 c 6 b 7 a 8 c Recalling main ideas, page 465

  35. 1 f 2 e 3 d 4 j 5 b 6 h 7 d 8 g 9 g 10 i 11 k 12 c 13 b 14 a Section Review

  36. Continued… • 15. does • 16. chitin • 17. Segmented worms • 18. Closed • 19. Water-dwelling • 20. True • 21. Nerve cord • 22. True • 23. Capable

  37. 24 and 25 • Sexual reproduction increase genetic diversity. This is illustrated by the large differences seen in invertebrates. • Planaria drawing and roundworm drawing.

  38. Test Items Most MissedBlood Pressure • The grasshopper has low pressure • Blood trickles through sinus cavities • Worm has high pressure • Blood pressure only exists in a closed circulatory system

  39. Nervous System Ideas • Ganglia are in each segment • Centralization • Nerve net in Hydra • Low centralization • Ganglia in grasshopper • higher centralization • Nerve net to nerve cord • Example of centralization • Ganglia to brain • Example of cephalization

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