1 / 23

Meiosis Vocabulary

Meiosis Vocabulary. Functions and Pictures…. What is DNA ?. D eoxyribo N ucleic A cid the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. What are Chromosomes ?.

nubia
Télécharger la présentation

Meiosis Vocabulary

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Meiosis Vocabulary Functions and Pictures…

  2. What is DNA? • DeoxyriboNucleic Acid • the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring

  3. What are Chromosomes? • Rod-shaped cellular structures made of condensed chromatin; contain DNA that carries the genetic information which controls inherited characteristics such as eye color and blood type • A chromosome pair looks like an X • You have 23 PAIRS(2n-diploid) in every cell • (one from dad / one from mom) • Except for sperm or egg cells which have only 23 (no pairs)

  4. The reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent What is Asexual Reproduction?

  5. The reproductive process that involves two parents who combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parent What is Sexual Reproduction?

  6. What is Meiosis? • Produces gametes- sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half

  7. What are Homologous chromosomes? • Chromosomes from the female and male that contain the same genes (ex. #1 from male and #1 from female)

  8. Random Chromosome Segregation • Are all the four haploid cells that result from meiosis the exact same? Why or why not? • What causes this randomness? • Random segregation of homologous chromosomes and sister chromatid • Crossing over

  9. Independent Assortment

  10. What are Gametes? • A sperm cell or an egg cell, haploid = n

  11. What is Fertilization? • The joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell

  12. First…the sperm has to get there!

  13. What is a Zygote? • A fertilized egg, produced by the joining of a sperm and an egg • This is right after fertilization happening

  14. Mitosis vs. Meiosis

  15. Sexual Reproduction 2 parents Produces a combination of chromosomes that is different from the parent Creates genetic diversity Asexual Reproduction 1 parent Offspring have same chromosomes and is identical to the parent What happens in Reproduction?DNA is passed from parent to offspring in two possible ways…

  16. Sexual Reproduction Creates Genetic Diversity Children are different from the parents If one dies from a disease, others MAY be able to survive it Asexual Reproduction It is Fast… Can produce lots of offspring (kids) really fast! (20 minutes) Only need one “parent” What are the benefits?

  17. Sexual Reproduction You need two “parents” Can be slow Elephants are pregnant for 2 years! Asexual Reproduction The offspring (kids) are the same as the “parents” If one can die from a disease, then all can die from the same disease… All may have illness What are the drawbacks?

  18. What happens inSexual Reproduction? Produces gametes (sex cells) • Female (eggs) • Large cells • Don’t move • Male (sperm) • Smaller cells • Flagella: used to move • cell toward egg cell Fertilization (joining of egg & sperm) Zygote (fertilized egg) New living organism with genetic variation Advantage: creates offspring with genetic diversity

  19. How many chromosomes does a human cell have? • 46 or 23 pairs

  20. Meiosis is the process when chromosome pairs separate to form four new sex cells with half the number of chromosomes Parent cell (copies DNA) Mitosis (cell divides) Meiosis: cells divide again (sperm or egg cells) What happens in meiosis? 46 92 46 46 23 23 23 23

  21. When sex cells (gametes) combine to produce offspring, each sex cell will contribute to the offspring half (23) the normal number of chromosomes (46) sperm egg What happens when sex cells combine? 23 23 46

  22. Closure Questions • Explain the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction. • What is the advantage of sexual reproduction? • What are the two types of gametes made in sexual reproduction? 4. How many chromosomes do human cells have? 5. At the end of meiosis how many cells are made? 6. At the end of meiosis, the new cells have how many chromosomes compared to the original parent cell? 7. When sex cells combine to produce offspring, each sex cell will contribute how many number of chromosomes?

More Related