DOCSIS 3.0 Overview

1. DOCSIS 3.0 Overview SCTE Presentation John J. Downey Cisco Systems – BNE

2. Agenda • Motivation - Why DOCSIS 3.0? • DOCSIS 3.0 Features Overview • DOCSIS 3.0 and M-CMTS Comparisons • Bandwidth Management • Migration Strategy • DOCSIS 3.0 Status • Potential Issues • Summary • Case Studies/ Architecture Ideas

3. Motivation - Why DOCSIS 3.0?

4. Growing Services Consuming HFC Spectrum • More HD Video Services • Growth plans to 100+ HD channels • More SD Video Content • Expansion to nx100 SD chs to compete w/ satellite • Personalized Video Services • Migration from Broadcast to Unicast services • VoD, Startover, MyPrimetime, etc • Broadband Internet Services Growth • Migration from Web to Web2.0, Video Streaming and P2PTV Applications • Increased per home BW consumption • Expansion of the peak hour to whole evening • Competitive pressure!

5. Spectral Solutions Being Investigated & Deployed • Use every channel available • SDV • Narrowcast QAM injection • Node splits • Analog reclamation • 1 GHz upgrade • Traffic “grooming” • MPEG-4

6. Goal: Increase Scalability Reduce Cost Components: Low Cost E-QAM CMTS Core Processing Overall Industry Objectives Goal: More aggregate speed More per-CM speed Enable New Services Components: Channel Bonding IPv6 Multicast AES • Better stat muxing with bigger “pipe” • Offer >37 Mbps for single CM DOCSIS 3.0 M-CMTS

7. DOCSIS 3.0 Features Overview

8. DOCSIS 3.0 Features • MAC Layer • Downstream Channel Bonding • Upstream Channel Bonding • Network Layer • IPv6 support • IP Multicast (IGMPv3/MLDv2, SSM, QoS) • Security • Certificate Revocation Management • Runtime SW / Config validation • Enhanced Traffic Encryption (AES) • Certificate Convergence • Early Authentication & Encryption • TFTP Proxy • Network Management • Diagnostic Log (Flaplist) • Extension of Internet Protocol Data Records (IPDR) usage • Capacity management • Enhanced signal quality monitoring • Physical Layer • Switch-able 5-42 MHz, 5-65 MHz, or 5-85 MHz US band • S-CDMA active code selection with new Logical channel • Commercial Services • T1/E1 Circuit Emulation support

9. Channel Bonding • In a nutshell, channel bonding means data is transmitted to or from CMs using multiple individual RF channels instead of just one channel • Channels aren't physically bonded into a gigantic digitally modulated signal; bonding is logical With DOCSIS 3.0, data is transmitted to modems using multiple channels With DOCSIS 1.x & 2.0, data is transmitted to modems using one channel

10. DOCSIS 3.0 Registration Diagram WCM acquires QAM/FEC lock of DOCSIS DS channel SYNC, UCD, MAP messages WCM performs usual US channel selection, but does not start initial ranging MDD message WCM performs bonded service group selection, and indicates via initial ranging B-INIT-RNG-REQ message WCM transitions to ranging station maintenance as usual Usual DOCSIS initial ranging sequence DHCP DISCOVER packet DHCP OFFER packet DHCP REQUEST packet DHCP RESPONSE packet TOD Request/Response messages TFTP Request/Response messages WCM provides Rx-Chan(s)-Prof REG-REQ message REG-RSP message WCM receives Rx-Chan(s)-Config WCM confirms all Rx Channels REG-ACK message Usual BPI init. If configured

11. DOCSIS 3.0 - DS Channel Bonding

12. Downstream Bonding - Features Packet bonding of a minimum of 4 channels Delivers in excess of 150 Mbps Non-disruptive technology Seamless migration from DOCSIS 1.x/2.0 M-CMTS and high density I-CMTS cards EQAMs New hardware required for scalability and cost reduction New CM silicon required

13. Downstream Bonding Service Drivers Competition against FTTH Deliver 100 Mbps High BW residential data IP Video over DOCSIS(VDOC) High definition Video to multiple devices PCs, hybrid STBs, portable devices High BW Internet streaming Video conferencing TelePresence Commercial service High BW data services Bonded T1 High BW Ethernet/L2VPN service

14. Reasons to Develop DRFI Beyond D2.0 RFI • Required to specify a multi-channel environment • DOCSIS 2.0 and lower was only single carrier • Cleaned up inaccuracies in 2.0 and lower • Basic idea was no need for external combiner, laser loading concerns and cost reduction? • Criteria was 60 dB CNR assuming a worse case lineup • Applies only to 3.0 CMTS or any multi-carrier DS connector (e-qam)

15. Single Carrier DRFI • Annex A & B • Variable Depth Interleaver • HRC, IRC, STD • 64 & 256 QAM • Inband Spurious, Distortion and Noise MER • Unequalized MER >35dB, Equalized MER >43dB • Inband Spurious and Noise ≤-48dBc • Spurious and noise within ±50 kHz of the carrier is excluded. • Phase Noise (single carrier) • 1 kHz - 10 kHz: -33dBc double sided noise power • 10 kHz - 50 kHz: -51dBc double sided noise power • 50 kHz - 3 MHz: -51dBc double sided noise power • Output Return Loss • >14 dB within an active output channel from 88 MHz to 750 MHz • >13 dB within an active output channel from 750 MHz to 870 MHz • >12 dB in every inactive channel from 54 MHz to 870 MHz • >10 dB in every inactive channel from 870 MHz to 1002 MHz • Power per channel +/- 2dB • Diagnostic Carrier Suppression ≥50dB dBmV N=1 : 60 1 Center Frequency MUST 91 <-> 867 MHz MAY 57 <-> 999 MHz Channel BW 6 MHz & 8 MHz • MUST be F Connector. • DRFI compliance testing conducted at room temp

16. Power Output for Multiple Carriers per RF Spigot N=n : 60-ceil[3.6*log2(n)] dBmV dBmV N=1 : 60 N=2 : 56 N=3 : 54 N=4 : 52 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4

17. DOCSIS 3.0 - US Channel Bonding

18. Upstream Bonding - Features Packet Striping of a minimum of 4 channels Delivers in excess of 50 Mbps AES and scalability require hardware upgrade New CM silicon required Phased and seamless technology migration

19. Upstream Bonding Service Drivers Competition against FTTH Deliver 20+ Mbps High BW residential data User generated content Video and photo uploads Proliferation of social sites Video conferencing TelePresence Commercial service High BW symmetrical data services Bonded T1 High BW Ethernet/L2VPN service

20. D2.0 is Still not Used • 27.2 Mbps total aggregate speed • Achieved 18 Mbps for single CM on US • Fragmentation and concatenation with a huge max burst • Linerate possible of ~ 27 Mbps • Make sure 1.0 CMs, which can’t fragment, have a max burst < 2000 B

21. DOCSIS 1.1 Phy Change (PRE-EQ) • US EQ is supported on all cards for 1.0 & 1.1 • 8-tap blind equalizer • 1.1 allows 'pre-eq' where EQ coefficients are sent during IM & SM allowing CM to pre-distort its signal • Supported on all linecards & IOS that support 1.1 • Requires 1.1 capable CMs, but not .cm file • Configurable option • 2.0 increases the EQ tap length from 8 to 24 • Supported on U/H cards in ATDMA & mixed mode • Off by default

22. Upstream Adaptive Equalization Example Upstream 6.4 MHz bandwidth 64-QAM signal Before adaptive equalization: Substantial in-channel tilt caused correctable FEC errors to increment at a rate of about 7000 errored codewords per second (232 bytes per codeword). The CMTS’s reported upstream MER (SNR) was 23 dB. After adaptive equalization: DOCSIS 2.0’s 24-tap adaptive equalization—actually pre-equalization in the modem—was able to compensate for nearly all of the in-channel tilt (with no change in digital channel power). The result: No correctable or uncorrectable FEC errors and the CMTS’s reported upstream MER (SNR) increased to ~36 dB.

23. DOCSIS 3.0 and M-CMTS Comparisons

24. DOCSIS 3.0 Migration: M-CMTS Current CMTS DOCSIS 2.0 US HFC DS Bonding and Existing DOCSIS 1.x/2.0 CMs Edge QAMs

25. M-CMTS Network Topology

26. M-CMTS • Key DOCSIS 3.0 enabling technology • DS scalability of DOCSIS 1.x/2.0 • Easy migration to DOCSIS 3.0 DS channel bonding • Enables service convergence and QAM sharing (Video and Data) • Creates efficiency in CAPEX/service

27. DOCSIS 3.0: M-CMTS CMTS Core DOCSIS 3.0 Bonded US HFC Supports DS Bonding and Existing DOCSIS 1.x/2.0 CMs Edge QAMs

28. DOCSIS 3.0: I-CMTS High Density Linecards I-CMTS DOCSIS 3.0 Bonded US HFC DOCSIS 3.0 Bonded DS Supports DS Bonding and Existing DOCSIS 1.x/2.0 CMs

29. Spectrum Example

30. Bandwidth Management

31. Bandwidth Management Solutions SDV Offer more HD and SD content using less total RF spectrum with the same STB Only transmit the content being actively watched Could make more QAMs available for DOCSIS and VOD if QAM sharing is implemented Node splits Physically reduce the homes passed per HFC node, thus reduce contention per home for Unicast services Decombine more attractive Triggers additional QAMs and CMTS Ports

32. Bandwidth Management Solutions (cont) Traffic “Grooming” MPEG-4 Broadcast to narrowcast QAM injection Reduce broadcast domains to smaller DOCSIS & video service groups Ultimately a complete Unicast lineup on a per node basis Analog reclamation for more digital spectrum More QAM channels for Digital Broadcast, VoD, SDV and DOCSIS Use every channel available Manage the channel lineup, fill in the gaps, mitigate noise to enable all spectrum 1GHz upgrade Make new spectrum for new CPE above 860 MHz

33. 1 GHz Upgrade 1GHz Bandwidth Enhancement & Segmentation • Network Impact • <= 750 MHz of BW may not be enough • Node splitting & SDV alone do not solve HFC BW problem • 1 GHz BW upgrade required • 1GHz Network Benefits • Value added capacity • 60 analog 6 MHz chs gained • Minimal cost per home passed cost to implement • Electronic-only drop-ins in most cases 1 GHz is a cost-effective tool to increase broadcast and narrowcast BW

34. Migration Strategy

35. DOCSIS 3.0 Migration Steps - Phased Approach for Improved Time-to-Market • Downstream Bonding • IPV6 • Upstream Bonding • Multicast QoS • AES • IPDR

36. Initial Migration Goal Deliver very high speed data service Deliver 100+ Mbps DS Deliver 50+ Mbps US Reduction of node split cost Multiple DSs per node M-CMTS or I-CMTS load balancing Multiple USs per node Leverage existing ports and deploy 2.0 USs BW flexibility & reduction of CMTS port cost Break DS/US dependence i.e. independent scalability of US and DS Reduce cost of DS ports by more than 1/10 Reduce CMTS port/subscriber cost by 30-50%

37. Migration Strategy Target CMTS upgrades in high priority markets FiOS & U-Verse competitive markets High growth & demographics Markets with capacity issues Your node  Add more DS QAMs per service group and load balancing Via I-CMTS and M-CMTS Current 1x4 mac domain leaves US stranded Increase capacity to existing 1.x/2.0 modem

38. Migration Strategy (cont) Deliver targeted bonded DS chs to DOCSIS 3.0 CMs Video and data convergence Video and DOCSIS service group alignment DSG & Tru2way will leverage DOCSIS DS BW Share & leverage existing assets UEQAMs for VoD, SDV and DOCSIS UERM to enable QAM sharing

39. DOCSIS 3.0 Status

40. DOCSIS 3.0 Status • CMTS can be submitted for Bronze, Silver, or Full • Cablelabs • Qualified 3 CMTS vendors for Bronze for CW56 • CW 58 currently underway and will conclude with results in early May 2008 • CMs are only allowed to go for "Full 3.0 Certification" • No 3.0 CMs have been certified by CableLabs • Only silicon that exists to build a FULL capable 3.0 CPE is the Texas Instruments PUMA5 chip • PUMA5 is chip used in most vendor CMs going through CableLabs CW-58 testing

41. DOCSIS 3.0 Status • Broadcom is working on a competing chip for 3.0 CPE but it is not available yet • DPC3000 in CW-58 certification for Full 3.0 • Plan is to ship in volume by June 2008 • Operators • Working on models to determine QAM requirements • Testing pre and DOCSIS 3.0 compliant DS Bonding • Testing IPV6 in labs • Developing management tools and provisioning

42. Three Reference Designs • Broadcom's 3381 3-ch/tuner • SA DPC2505...., • DPC2100 locks only 6 MHz channels • EPC2100 locks 8 MHz or 6 MHz channels • TI Puma3 based • Linksys WCM300 with 2 tuners, 6 & 50 MHz passband • TI Puma5 3.0 based • SA DPC3000 w/ 4-ch US & DS bonding, 60 MHz passband for annex B and 64 MHz for annex A

43. Potential Issues

44. Design Rules and Restrictions • SA 3 ch CM needs all 3 DS on e-qam for 111 Mbps • Can do annex B on control channel & 2 annex A chs to get ~95 Mbps, but requires 6+8+8 MHz of BW • SA 4 ch CM has 96 MHz passband filter • Linksys CM has 2 tuners, 1 for control & 1 w/ 50 MHz band • Starts at lowest freq configured • D3.0 spec goes to 1050 MHz, but some equipment may not • SA DPC2505 speced to 930 MHz • Can e-qam put out 2 or 4 “haystacks” per port? • What if it is annex A at 8 MHz ch width?

45. DSs 0-3 = 603 MHz MC5x20 DS0 U0/C0 U1/C2U2/C16 1x3 DS 4 = 609 MHz Edge1 = 615 MHz 1x8 Edge2 = 621 MHz DS4 U0/C0 U1/C2 U2/C4 U3/C6 U4/C8 U5/C10 U6/C12 U7/C14 Potential Isolation Path 1x3 DS1 U0/C4U1/C6 U2/C17 DS Combiner DS Splitter 1x3 DS2 U0/C8U1/C10 U2/C18 DS Tx DS3 U0/C12U1/C14 U2/C19 1x3 Edge-QAM DS Ports with Edge-QAM for DS Bonding • Requires: • 4 DS freqs • 3 US freqs in each node • How to deal with freq stacked DSs if not using them all?

46. Harmonic “dsync” Timing Adjustment - Background • To support advanced DCC initialization techniques (2 and >), difference between CM timing offset on old ch and new ch need to be < ~ +/- 6 timing offset units • Harmonic EQAM introduces SYNC timestamp delay which needs to be manually adjusted on per QAM basis using “dsync” command

47. Summary

48. New Technology Cornerstones • DOCSIS 3.0 - channel bonding for higher capacity • Enable faster HSD service • MxN mac domains now • Enable video over IP solutions • M-CMTS • Lower cost downstream PHY • De-couple DS and US ports • I-CMTS • Allows higher capacity in same box • Same wiring

49. DOCSIS 3.0/M-CMTS Concluding Remarks • Promises ten times BW at fraction of cost • Introduce new HSD service of 50 to 75 Mbps • Widespread deployment of DS Bonding in 2008 • Backward compatible with existing DOCSIS standards • Allows migration of existing customers to higher tier and DOCSIS 3.0 capability • Allows more BW for legacy DOCSIS 2.0 CM • Allows for a phased deployment • IPV6, US bonding, and other features will follow

50. Case Studies/ Architecture Ideas