Mieke Reece

1. Reporting of International Aviation and Marine Bunkers in the Joint IEA/UNECE/Eurostat Questionnaires Mieke Reece Workshop on Emissions of Greenhouse Gases from Aviation and Navigation

2. Background • IEA data collected through Joint questionnaires with UNECE, Eurostat, and IEA • Oil, Coal, Gas, Electricity and Renewables • Supply data (complete balances), End-Use, Trade data by origin and destination

3. International Marine Bunkers

4. Definition International Marine Bunkers: Bunkers cover the quantities of fuels delivered to sea-going ships of all flags, including warships. Consumption by ships engaged in transport in inland and coastal waters is not included (see Inland waterways consumption). Consumption by fishing vessels should be reported in Agriculture.

5. Survey for IEA countries International Marine Bunkers 1. What is the definition used in your country for international marine bunkers? How is the distinction made between inland waterways and coastal shipping (i.e domestic), and international marine bunkers? 2. Do you have any methodological problems? 3. Where are deliveries to the navy (military fleet) included? 4. Do you report this information to UNFCCC?  If so, are data the same? If they are not the same what are the differences between data reported to IEA and UNFCCC. International aviation 5. How do you separate international fuel consumption for aviation from domestic? 6. Do you have any methodological problems 7. Where are deliveries to the military air force included? 8. Do you report this information to UNFCCC?  If so, are data the same? If they are not the same what are the differences between data reported to IEA and UNFCCC.

6. How is the definition applied? • Results of small survey for IEA countries • Definition used in Member Countries is not the same as the IEA definition ! • Definition often vague or inconsistent with IEA definition • Marine bunker data mostly provided by oil companies • Main difficulties: • Lack of split between deliveries for international and domestic purposes (Flag is used to determine purpose) • Bunkers overestimated in order not to have to hold stocks • Fishing is sometimes included • Problems with domestic fuels delivered for international marine bunkers • Data are supply based – often oil company does not know ultimate use.

7. Deliveries to Navy • Most countries (8 out of 11) include deliveries to the navy in domestic demand • 2 countries are uncertain – included possibly with international marine bunkers or in statistical differences • 1 country reports it in its export data, except deliveries for inland use.

8. Report to UNFCCC? • 8 respondents out of 11 do not report their data to UNFCCC. • 3 respondents report to IEA and UNFCCC, sometimes through the Environmental Department in their country.

9. Summary International Marine Bunkers • IEA definition is not applied • IEA definition may be too vague and imprecise • Definition needs to specify where deliveries to military ships should be included. • No consistent reporting to IEA and UNFCCC

10. TOTAL TRANSPORT SECTOR International Civil Aviation Domestic Air Transport Road Rail Inland Waterways Pipeline Transport Non Specified (Transport)

11. Definition International Civil Aviation: Report all consumption of aviation fuels other than for domestic aircraft activities Domestic Air Transport: Report consumption of aviation fuels by domestic aircraft – commercial, private, agricultural, etc.; include oil used for purposes other than flying, e.g. bench testing of engines. It excludes use by airlines of motor-spirit for their road vehicles. Military use of aviation fuels should be included here.

12. Results of Survey Split between International Civil Aviation and Domestic Aviation • In many countries, oil companies provide information on international/domestic aviation fuel supply. Foreign airlines are international, national airlines domestic • International aviation is often derived from : Total fuel supply – domestic fuel supply • Main difficulties • Flag of airline determines whether it is international or domestic • No breakdown available • Domestically produced fuels for international aviation are not identifiable.

13. Deliveries to Military • Most countries (8 out of 11) include deliveries to the military in domestic demand. Some make a distinction between deliveries to military forces abroad and inland. Some distinguish between foreign and national military. • 2 countries include it with international aviation • 1 country does not report deliveries to foreign military.

14. Report to UNFCCC? Results are the same as for International Marine Bunkers • 8 respondents out of 11 do not report their data to UNFCCC. • 3 respondents report to IEA and UNFCCC, sometimes through the Environmental Department in their country.

15. Summary Domestic and international civil aviation • Data are provided by oil companies based on the supplies. Oil companies not completely aware of final usage of fuel. • IEA Definition needs to be more specific • Deliveries to military are mostly included in domestic consumption – sometimes in Other Sector/ Commerce • No consistent reporting to IEA and UNFCCC

16. Conclusions • Definitions of International Marine Bunkers and Civil Aviation in Joint questionnaires need to be improved. • Clear specifications for reporting of Military Demand are necessary (see proposal). • Member countries need to apply these definitions. • Member countries need to work more closely with their environment department providing information to UNFCCC.

17. A few considerations… • Definition of International Marine Bunkers and International Civil Aviation are inconsistent: Military demand is included in Marine bunkers but not in aviation. • Military demand should not be identifiable • Oil companies (who supply most of the information) need to be able to provide the information.

18. Remove “sea-going” from definition, add “international” A proposal for discussion Fishing (both foreign and national flag) is included in “agriculture” of the country that delivered the fuel. Ocean, coastal and inland fishing should be included.

19. Remaining Questions • Should Non- shipping/aviation to foreign military be reported as an export and a corresponding import by the military consuming country? • Should Non- shipping/aviation to domestic military be included to Other Sectors/Non Specified? Definitions will be discussed at the next ESWG in Nov 2004.