1 / 21

Problems in the Americas

The early 19th century in Latin America was marked by significant economic discontent and political upheaval as colonists sought independence from Spanish and Portuguese rule. The frustrations of wealthy creoles over high taxes and lack of political power sparked revolutions inspired by Enlightenment ideals and the American and French revolutions. Key figures like Simón Bolívar and Miguel Hidalgo emerged, leading movements that resulted in the independence of countries such as Venezuela and Mexico. However, newfound nations faced challenges in establishing stable governments and constitutions in the wake of colonial rule.

nyla
Télécharger la présentation

Problems in the Americas

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Problems in the Americas Ch. 25

  2. Independence in Latin America • Economic problems in Spanish and Portuguese colonies in the Americas began to emerge • Roots of Revolution • Wealthy colonial residents of Latin America were frustrated by the political and economic power of colonial officials and angered by high taxes • Inspired by Enlightenment thinkers and American and French Revs

  3. Spanish South America • Venezuela Revolution • creole-led revolutionary junta declared independence in • 1811 • Simon Bolivar- leader • Used his personality to attract allies • Defeated Spain in 1824

  4. Simón Bolívar (1783-1830) • Led independence movement in South America • Rebels against Spanish rule 1811, forced into hiding • Forms alliances with many creole leaders • Gran Columbia • Venezuela, Columbia, Ecuador form Gran Colombia • Strong political differences cause it to disintegrate • Elite benefit from revolutions • Beneficiary was meant to be lower class

  5. Mexico 1810-1823 • Spain’s richest colony • Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla • Priest • Began Mexican Revolution • September 16, 1810 • After his death, Jose Maria Morales took over • 1821, Mexico declares independence • 1823, Mexico became a republic

  6. Brazil • Due to unrest, King of Portugal left Brazil to deal with problems at home • Left his son in charge • Pedro I (son) declared Brazil ‘s independence in 1822 • Named himself king • Pedro I abdicated in 1831 do to poor leadership and left son, Pedro II, in charge • Pedro II ruled until 1889

  7. The Problem of Old Order • Constitutional Experiments • Newly independent nations had trouble establishing stable governments • Everyone wanted a constitution, many were unworkable

  8. Problems in Latin America • Governments • determine role of the Church • Limit military power • Wrote constitutions and elected assemblies before independence was achieved

  9. United States • Played no major role in world history until mid 1800s • Monroe Doctrine- warned against European involvement in Americas • Really the British that kept others out • Due to rapid expansion, US became a symbol of freedom to Europeans

  10. United States cont. • 1840s- wave of immigration • Irish and Germans • Civil War (1861-1865) was crucial event • Industrialization

  11. Canada • Area won by Britain in wars with France in 1700s • Religious differences between the two caused uprisings • By 1839, Britain began granting self-rule • Canada established own laws, but remained attached to empire • Hostilities eased with creation of Quebec • Primarily French speaking

  12. Personalists • Rely on their personal ability to gather and lead masses • In Latin America, personalists were called caudillos (Mostly wealthy creole aristocrats.) • Andrew Jackson- US • Jose Antonio Paez- Venezuela

  13. Foreign Intervention • Mexico • Owed money to France • Used this as an excuse to invade (1862) • French forced president Benito Juarez out • Replaced him with Maximilian • Juarez drove French out in 1867

  14. Native Peoples • Limited expansion to prevent conflict with Amerindians • 1830, US passed Indian Removal Act • Caste War in Central America • Mayan rebelled against government • Yucatan was returned to Maya

  15. Social and Economic Change

  16. Latin American Society • 30,000 peninsulares, colonial officials from Iberian peninsula • 3.5 million criollos (creoles), born in the Americas of Spanish or Portuguese descent • Privileged class, but grievances with peninsulares • 1810-1825 led movements for creole-dominated republics • 10 million others • African slaves, mixed-race populations

  17. Emergence of Ideologies • Conservatisms • Favored slow evolution of society • Liberalism • Manage, not stifle, social change

  18. Slavery • Push for abolition • Several nations abolished slavery • Britain- 1834 • US-1865 • Puerto Rico- 1873 • Cuba- 1886

  19. Immigration • Between 1500-1760, African slaves outnumbered European immigrants 2 to 1 • 19th cent- European immigrants= majority • After 1850, Asian immigration increased • 1849-1875 • 100,000 Chinese • 120,000 Cubans

  20. Difficulties • Chinese Exclusion Act- 1882 • Head tax in Canada • Italians= criminals • Jews= banned from schools

  21. Women’s Rights • Women’s Rights Convention • Seneca Falls, NY • Sarah Grimke • Women began working outside the home

More Related