1 / 18

Chapter 3

Chapter 3. Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations. Example Question. The spread of Bantu-speaking peoples over southern Africa can be best explained by their Conversion to Islam Superior naval technology Use of Calvary Centralized political systems Knowledge of Africa .

nyx
Télécharger la présentation

Chapter 3

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 3 Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations

  2. Example Question • The spread of Bantu-speaking peoples over southern Africa can be best explained by their • Conversion to Islam • Superior naval technology • Use of Calvary • Centralized political systems • Knowledge of Africa

  3. Early Agricultural Society in Africa • Climatic change and the development of agriculture in Africa • Sahara region used to be grassy steppe lands with water (10,000 B.C.E.) • Abundant hunting, fishing, wild grains • Climate becomes hotter and drier after 5000 B.C.E. • People are driven into river regions--Nile • Annual flooding makes rich soil for agriculture

  4. The Nile

  5. “Gifts of the Nile” • Egypt-lower third of Nile River; Nubia-middle third of Nile • After 5000 B.C.E. peoples cultivate gourds and watermelons, domesticate donkeys and cattle (from Sudan), and grow wheat and barley (from Mesopotamia) • Agriculture easy in Egypt (due to Nile flooding) but more work in Nubia

  6. The Unification of Egypt • Strong Nubian realm, Ta Seti (3400-3200 B.C.E.) • Egypt, large and prosperous state by 3100 B.C.E. • Pharaoh, absolute ruler and owns all land • Archaic Period (3100-2660 B.C.E.) and Old Kingdom (2660-2160 B.C.E.) • Great pyramids of Giza built during this period; Khufu the largest • Nubia later develops into Kingdom of Kush

  7. Great Pyramids

  8. Turmoil and Empire • Period of upheaval after Old Kingdom (2160-2040 B.C.E.) • Middle Kingdom (2040-1640 B.C.E.) • New Kingdom (1550-1070 B.C.E.) • Pharaoh gains power, huge army, large bureaucracy • Egyptians driven out of Nubia in 1100 B.C.E. • Nubian Kingdom of Kush; capital is Napata

  9. Complex Societies/ Cultural Traditions • Cities are not as prominent in Egypt as in Mesopotamia (agricultural villages) • Memphis, head of the delta • Thebes, administrative center of Upper Egypt • Nubian cities • Kerma, dominates trade routes • Napata, most prosperous city after Nubian conquest of Egypt

  10. Complex Societies/ Cultural Traditions • Social classes • Egypt: peasants and slaves (agriculture), pharaoh, professional military and administrators • Nubia: complex and hierarchical society (can tell from tombs) • Patriarchy in both but women have more influence than in Mesopotamia • Women act as regents, like female pharaoh Hatshepsut • Nubia: women serve as queens, priestesses, and scribes

  11. Economic specialization and trade • Iron metallurgy develops independently in Sudan • Transportation: sailboats, carts, and donkey caravans • Trade networks • Egypt and Nubia: exotic goods from Nubia (ebony, gold, gems, slaves) and pottery, wine, linen, decorative items from Egypt • Egypt and the north: especially wood, like cedar from Lebanon

  12. Early writing in the Nile valley • Hieroglyphics found on monuments and papyrus by 3200 B.C.E. • Nubia adapts Egyptian writing until Meroitic in fifth century B.C.E. (untranslated)

  13. Organized Religious Traditions • Principal gods: sun gods Amon and Re • Brief period of monotheism: Aten • Orders all other gods' names chiseled out; their names die with him • Mummification • Cult of Osiris • Brother Seth murders Osiris and scatters his body • Becomes associated with Nile, crops, life/death, immortality • Nubians combine Egyptian religions with their own

  14. Religion

  15. Bantu Migrations • Bantu--language group from west central Africa • Live along banks of rivers; use canoes • Cultivate yams and oil palms • Live in clan-based villages • Trade with hunting/gathering forest people • By 1000 B.C.E. occupy most of Africa south of the equator

  16. Map

  17. Bantu Features • Features of the Bantu • Use canoes and settle along banks of rivers; spread from there • Agricultural surplus causes them to move inland from rivers • Become involved in trade • Bantu rate of migration increases after 1000 B.C.E. due to appearance of iron • Iron tools allow them to clear more land for agriculture • Iron weapons give them stronger position

  18. Persian Chart- Group Activity • Discuss with group and then answer these questions… • P- Were the political institutions of Mesopotamia and Egypt similar? Explain. • E- Describe the differences in the economies of Mesopotamia and Egypt. • R- List similarities of each belief system. • S- Explain the role of women in Mesopotamia and Egypt. What accounts for the difference? • I- In terms of intellect, which early civilization had the more intellectual society? Why? • A- How did art reflect life in both Mesopotamia and Egypt? • N- Describe how the environment of both Mesopotamia and Egypt shaped human activities.

More Related