Wireless transmission distance

1. If we focus on transmission distance, we can re-write as: ? ???????? = ??+ ??+ ??− ???????? + ??????? ??− ?? Apparently, the lower the receiver sensitivity is, the longer the transmission distance will be. Consequently, increasing transmitting power is not a good approach to extend transmission distance since the power consumption increases and this approach aggravates the transmitting chain nonlinearity. In addition, 5G adopts mm-wave spectrum because of numerous unused bands to improve data rate through wider bandwidth. Nevertheless, high operating frequency brings huge air loss, which is harmful to transmission distance. Consequently, massive MIMO, or beamforming, is introduced in mm-wave technology to overcome this issue through large antenna gain.