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20c China: From Republic to Communist Power

20c China: From Republic to Communist Power. Dr. Sun Yixian (1866 – 1925). (Dr. Sun Yat-sen). Sun Yat-sen. Nationalism Democracy or a representative Government Economic Security. Chinese Warlords, 1920s. Yuan Shi-kai. China in 1924. Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary. (Mao Tse-tung).

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20c China: From Republic to Communist Power

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  1. 20c China: From Republic to Communist Power

  2. Dr. Sun Yixian (1866 – 1925) (Dr. Sun Yat-sen)

  3. Sun Yat-sen • Nationalism • Democracy or a representative Government • Economic Security

  4. Chinese Warlords, 1920s Yuan Shi-kai

  5. China in 1924

  6. Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary (Mao Tse-tung)

  7. The Long March 1934 8000 Miles in 370 Days

  8. The Long March

  9. Survivors of the March

  10. Japan Invades China 1937

  11. Japanese Aggression 1931 - 1945

  12. Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai.

  13. Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking (Nanjing)December 9, 1937

  14. The Japanese Invasion, 1937

  15. Remains of Chinese Children Bayonetedby Japanese Soldiers

  16. Japanese Bayonet Practice

  17. Beheadings Took Place in Public!

  18. Chinese Prisoners Were Often Beheaded & Displayed

  19. UNIT 731: Bio-Chemical Warfare

  20. UNIT 731: Live Human Dissections

  21. The Communist Revolution: 1946 - 1949

  22. The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949

  23. The Communist Victory

  24. Taiwan: The Republic of China

  25. The People’s Republic of China

  26. Reasons for the Communists’ Success • Mao won support of peasants – land • Mao won support of women • Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics • Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt • Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China.

  27. The Great Leap Forward (or Backward?) 1958-1961

  28. Great Leap Forward, 1958 • 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry • Communes • Groups of people who live and work together • Property held in common • Had production quotas • Failed due to poor quality of products, poor weather hurt agriculture

  29. Communist China Under Mao • Industrialized China • Increased literacy • Class privileges ended • Rural Chinese received health care • One-party dictatorship • Denied people basic rights and freedoms --> Inner Mongolia, Tibet

  30. Mao, Panchen Lama, Dalai Lama in Beijing, 1954 • Tibet --> an autonomous area. • Dalai Lama fled in the late 1950s to India.

  31. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution 1966 - 1976

  32. A Campaign Against the “FOUR OLDS” • Old Thoughts • Old Culture • Old Customs • Old Habits To Rebel Is Good!

  33. Communist China Under Mao • Designed to renew revolutionary spirit and establish a more equitable society • Mao wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place • Schools shut down – students revolted • Red Guards – students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers

  34. A Red Guard

  35. Red Guards March to Canton

  36. With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word 'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the word 'Usefullness'. (1968) Cult of Personality

  37. The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us togetherZhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective, 1968 Mao’s Little Red Book

  38. Propaganda Poster

  39. Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of struggle!1967-1972

  40. Propaganda Poster

  41. Propaganda Poster

  42. Propaganda Poster

  43. “Ping-Pong Diplomacy”: U. S. Players at Great Wall, 1971

  44. Mao Meets President Nixon, 1972

  45. Power Struggle Communist Traditionalists Modernists 1976 Zhou Enlai “The Gang of Four”: Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan

  46. Communist Government and a Capitalist Economy

  47. Deng Xiaoping (1905-1997)

  48. De-Maoization “The 4 Modernizations”Progress in: • Agriculture • Industry • Science • Defense Class struggle was no longer the central focus!

  49. Gap Between Rich & Poor Deng: If you open a window, some flies naturally get in!

  50. Tiananmen Square, 1989 More democracy!

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