20c China: From Republic to Communist Power

1. 20c China: From Republic to Communist Power

2. Dr. Sun Yixian (1866 – 1925) (Dr. Sun Yat-sen)

3. Sun Yat-sen • Nationalism • Democracy or a representative Government • Economic Security

4. Chinese Warlords, 1920s Yuan Shi-kai

5. China in 1924

6. Mao Zedong As a Young Revolutionary (Mao Tse-tung)

7. The Long March 1934 8000 Miles in 370 Days

8. The Long March

9. Survivors of the March

10. Japan Invades China 1937

11. Japanese Aggression 1931 - 1945

12. Victims of the Japanese bombing of Shanghai.

13. Japanese Soldiers March into Nanking (Nanjing)December 9, 1937

14. The Japanese Invasion, 1937

15. Remains of Chinese Children Bayonetedby Japanese Soldiers

16. Japanese Bayonet Practice

17. Beheadings Took Place in Public!

18. Chinese Prisoners Were Often Beheaded & Displayed

19. UNIT 731: Bio-Chemical Warfare

20. UNIT 731: Live Human Dissections

21. The Communist Revolution: 1946 - 1949

22. The Peoples’ Liberation Army, 1949

23. The Communist Victory

24. Taiwan: The Republic of China

25. The People’s Republic of China

26. Reasons for the Communists’ Success • Mao won support of peasants – land • Mao won support of women • Mao’s army used guerilla war tactics • Many saw the Nationalist government as corrupt • Many felt that the Nationalists allowed foreigners to dominate China.

27. The Great Leap Forward (or Backward?) 1958-1961

28. Great Leap Forward, 1958 • 5 year plan to increase agriculture and industry • Communes • Groups of people who live and work together • Property held in common • Had production quotas • Failed due to poor quality of products, poor weather hurt agriculture

29. Communist China Under Mao • Industrialized China • Increased literacy • Class privileges ended • Rural Chinese received health care • One-party dictatorship • Denied people basic rights and freedoms --> Inner Mongolia, Tibet

30. Mao, Panchen Lama, Dalai Lama in Beijing, 1954 • Tibet --> an autonomous area. • Dalai Lama fled in the late 1950s to India.

31. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution 1966 - 1976

32. A Campaign Against the “FOUR OLDS” • Old Thoughts • Old Culture • Old Customs • Old Habits To Rebel Is Good!

33. Communist China Under Mao • Designed to renew revolutionary spirit and establish a more equitable society • Mao wanted to put “intellectuals” in their place • Schools shut down – students revolted • Red Guards – students who attacked professors, government officials, factory managers

34. A Red Guard

35. Red Guards March to Canton

36. With regard to the great teacher Chairman Mao, cherish the word 'Loyalty'. With regard to the great Mao Zedong Thought, vigorously stress the word 'Usefullness'. (1968) Cult of Personality

37. The reddest, reddest, red sun in our heart, Chairman Mao, and us togetherZhejiang Workers, Farmers and Soldiers Art Academy collective, 1968 Mao’s Little Red Book

38. Propaganda Poster

39. Go among the workers, peasants and soldiers, and into the thick of struggle!1967-1972

40. Propaganda Poster

41. Propaganda Poster

42. Propaganda Poster

43. “Ping-Pong Diplomacy”: U. S. Players at Great Wall, 1971

44. Mao Meets President Nixon, 1972

45. Power Struggle Communist Traditionalists Modernists 1976 Zhou Enlai “The Gang of Four”: Jiang Qin, Chen Boda, Wang Hongwen, Yao Wenyuan

46. Communist Government and a Capitalist Economy

47. Deng Xiaoping (1905-1997)

48. De-Maoization “The 4 Modernizations”Progress in: • Agriculture • Industry • Science • Defense Class struggle was no longer the central focus!

49. Gap Between Rich & Poor Deng: If you open a window, some flies naturally get in!

50. Tiananmen Square, 1989 More democracy!