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4. Word Formation. 07002023 Park Sang Woo . context. 4.5 Clipping 4.6 Acronymy 4.7 Back-formation 4.8 words from P roper Names. 4.5 Clipping.
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4. Word Formation 07002023 Park Sang Woo
context • 4.5 Clipping • 4.6 Acronymy • 4.7 Back-formation • 4.8 words from Proper Names
4.5 Clipping • Another common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called clipping.
4.5 Clipping • There are four common types of clipping • Front clipping • Back clipping • Front and back clipping • phrase clipping
4.6 Acronymy • Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. • Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms, depending on the pronunciation of the words.
4.6.1 Initialismsa. Letter represent full words : • Care of • Postcard • Unidentified flying object
4.6.1 Initialismsb. Letters represent constituents in a compound or just parts of a word • tuberculosis • General Headquarters
4.6.2 Acronyms • Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word, for example radar ( radio detecting and ranging) , and WAVES (Women Appointed for voluntary Emergency Service), etc.
4.6.2 AcronymsMore examples are as follows: • Beginner’s all-purpose symbolic instruction code
4.6.2 Acronyms • Teaching English as a foreign language
4.6.2 AcronymsSome acronyms are formed with the initial letter of the first word plus the whole of the second, e.g.
4.6.2 Acronyms • Victory Day
4.7 Back-formation(역성어) • Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation. As we know, suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases, and back-formation is therefore the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes. • 동사 →명사 파생 형이 아니라 그 반대 순서로 어휘가 파생 ex) edit (from editor), animate (from animation)
4.7 Back-formationBack-formation usually involves the following types of words:
4.8 Words from Proper Names • Modern English has a large number of words which come from proper nouns. They include names of people, names of places, names of books and trade names.
1. Names of people • Words of this group are from names of scientists, inventors, etc. e. g. ampere, farad, ohm, volt, watt from French physicist Ampere, British physicist Faraday, German physicist Ohm, Italian physicist Volta and Scottish inventor Watt respectively. • These terms are now used as measurements of electricity.
2. Names of places • Many words denoting products, objects or materials come from the names of places where they were first produced, e.g. china (porcelain), from the homeland China, afghan ( a kind of knitted rug) first made in Afghanistan, jersey (sweater) from Champagne in France where the wine champagne was first produced, and rugby ( a sport of ball games) from a British Rugby School, which used to be known for the game.
3. Names of books • Quite a few words come from names of books and thus take on the meanings associated with the names described in the books. For example, utopia ( a imaginary perfect society) is from Sir Thomas Moore's book Utopia, Odyssey ( an extend journey) from Homer’s epic The Odyssey, which describes all the hardships Odysseus experienced on his voyage home after the fall of Troy, and Babbit (a person concerned mainly with business and position, caring little for art or culture) from the novel Babbit by Sinclair Lewis.
4. Tradenames • When proper nouns are commonized, many of them have lost their original identity • Words that are commonized from proper nouns have rich cultural associations and thus stylistically vivid, impressive and thought-provoking, e. g.
4.Tradenames • [19] I want to be TV’s czar of script and grammar. • [20] Churchill, a bent Pickwick in blue uniform, looked up at him with majestic good humor, much older, more dignified, more assured. • [21] It is with procrustean thoroughness that the Soviet government squelches all dissent.
