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Understanding the Periodic Table: History, Elements, and Characteristics

This chapter explores the evolution of the periodic table, highlighting key figures like Mendeleev, who created the first table based on atomic mass and predicted elements' properties, and Moseley, who refined it into the modern version. The table categorizes elements into metals, nonmetals, and metalloids, each with distinct characteristics. Metals are hard and good conductors, nonmetals are often dull and insulators, while metalloids exhibit a combination of both properties. The arrangement of elements into groups and periods reveals important trends in chemical behavior.

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Understanding the Periodic Table: History, Elements, and Characteristics

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  1. Chapter 14 Chemical Periodicity

  2. History of the Periodic Table • Mendeleev (1860’s) • Developed the first periodic table • It was arranged by atomic mass • He was able to predict properties of elements

  3. History of the Periodic Table (cont.) • Moseley – developed the modern periodic table

  4. Characteristics of Metals • Hard • Shiny • Conduct heat and electricity well • Includes the transition and inner-transition metals • Inner transition metals include the lanthanoids and actinoids

  5. Characteristics of Nonmetals • Are gases or brittle solids at room temp. • Surfaces are dull • Insulators

  6. Characteristics of Metalloids • Have properties of both metals and nonmetals

  7. I. Periodic Table Revisited • Groups or Families (terms synonymous) • vertical columns • have similar chemical & physical properties • B. Periods • Horizontal rows • Energies of outermost electrons are similar

  8. Period vs. Group • Period • All elements in a horizontal row • 7 periods on the periodic table

  9. Group • All elements in a vertical column • Sometimes called “families”

  10. Group 1 (IA) – Alkali Metals

  11. Group 2 (IIA) – Alkaline Earth Metals

  12. Group 17 (VIIA) - Halogens

  13. Group 18 (VIIIA) – Noble Gases

  14. II. Organization (your Roadmap) A. Metals- Nonmetals- Metalloids- Left of zig zag Right of zig zag On the zig zag NONMETALS METALLOIDS METALS

  15. C. Group A & B Group A- Representative Group B - Transition TRANSITION “Group B” INNER TRANSITION REPRESENTATIVE “Group A”

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