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Understanding Communicable Diseases and Their Impact

This guide covers the essentials of communicable diseases, including their definition, modes of transmission, and examples of common illnesses caused by pathogens like bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It highlights the body's defense mechanisms against these pathogens and discusses immunity development through vaccinations. Additionally, the guide outlines noncommunicable diseases, their causes, and their differences from communicable diseases, emphasizing the importance of understanding health to prevent illness effectively.

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Understanding Communicable Diseases and Their Impact

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  1. Science Chapter 2D Study Guide

  2. Lesson 1 - What are Communicable Diseases? • A communicable disease is an illness that can _____, usually from _____ to _____. • Spread • Person to person • An organism that causes a communicable disease is called a _____. • Pathogen

  3. Lesson 1 - What are Communicable Diseases? • Bacteria reproduce quickly in _____, _____, and _____ places such as inside the _____ _____. • Warm • Dark • Moist • Human body

  4. Lesson 1 - What are Communicable Diseases? • Bacteria cause a variety of diseases, such as… • Ear infections • Sinus infections • Pneumonia • Whooping cough • Tuberculosis • Strep throat

  5. Lesson 1 - What are Communicable Diseases? • Viruses cannot _____ on their own, but they can _____ body cells. • Reproduce • Invade • Diseases caused by viruses include… • Colds • Measles • Mumps • Chicken pox • Flu • pneumonia

  6. Lesson 1 - What are Communicable Diseases? • The most common skin infection, _____, is caused by _____. • Athlete’s foot • Fungi • Malaria is caused by _____ and usually carried by _____ • Protist • Mosquitoes

  7. Lesson 1 - What are Communicable Diseases? • Communicable diseases can spread from person to person through the _____ when a sick person _____ or _____. • Air • Sneezes • Coughs • Communicable diseases can spread when your _____ or _____ come in contact with something used by a sick person. • Hands • Mouth

  8. Lesson 1 - What are Communicable Diseases? • Communicable diseases can spread when no sick people are nearby. _____ may be in the drinking water. _____ is spread this way. • Pathogens • Cholera

  9. Lesson 1 - What are Communicable Diseases? • _____ are animals that carry _____ that cause other communicable diseases. • Carriers • Pathogens • Examples • Mosquitoes may be a carrier of _____ • Malaria or encephalitis • Ticks may be a carrier of _____ • Lyme’s disease • Bats may be a carrier of _____ • rabies

  10. Lesson 1 - What are Communicable Diseases? • Ways your body defends itself against pathogens. • Your _____ keeps pathogens out. • Skin • If pathogens enter through the nose, they will be trapped by _____. • Mucus • If pathogens enter through the mouth and lungs, they will be _____, _____, or _____. • Coughed • Sneezed • Blown out

  11. Lesson 1 - What are Communicable Diseases? • If pathogens are swallowed, _____ juices in the _____ will kill many. • Digestive • Stomach • Pathogens in the eyes will be washed out by _____. • Tears • Your _____ will kill some pathogens if you eat food with pathogens. If not, _____ and digestive juices in your _____ will take care of them. • Saliva • Acid • Stomach

  12. Lesson 1 - What are Communicable Diseases? • If none of these defenses keep _____ out of your blood, _____ will surround and _____ them. • Pathogens • White blood cells • Destroy

  13. Lesson 1 - What are Communicable Diseases? • Another defense is _____ which is a substance made by _____. • Antibodies • White blood cells • Antibodies can give you _____ or resistance to some diseases. • Immunity • Some white blood cells attack the disease, while others become _____ cells that can _____ to make the correct _____ if the disease enters your body again. • Memory • Remember • Antibodies

  14. Lesson 1 - What are Communicable Diseases? • To develop _____ to some communicable diseases is to get a _____ which is a dose of weakened or killed _____. • Immunity • Vaccine • Pathogen • Some diseases that can be prevented this way are… • Chicken pox • Mumps • Measles • Whopping cough

  15. Lesson 1 - What are Communicable Diseases? • An _____ is a medicine that kills _____, but it cannot kill _____. • Antibiotic • Bacteria • Viruses

  16. Lesson 2 – What are Noncommunicable Diseases • Noncommunicable diseases are illnesses that _____ be spread. • Cannot • The main causes of noncommunicable diseases are • Heredity • Surroundings • Behavior

  17. Lesson 2 – What are Noncommunicable Diseases • Heredity is when _____ are passed from _____ to _____. • Genes • Parent • Children • Diseases that are caused by heredity are • Sickle-cell anemia • Hemophilia

  18. Lesson 2 – What are Noncommunicable Diseases • A reaction to a certain substance is an _____ • Allergy • _____ is an allergy that involves the _____ system. • Asthma • Respiratory

  19. Lesson 2 – What are Noncommunicable Diseases • Asthma attacks are triggered by _____, _____, and _____. • Smoke • Dust • Pollen • This causes the tubes in the _____ to become _____ and _____ builds up making breathing difficult. • Lungs • Swollen • Mucus

  20. Lesson 2 – What are Noncommunicable Diseases • Another noncommunicable disease of the respiratory system is _____. • Emphysema • The walls of the _____ lose their elasticity and become _____. • Air sacs • Overstretched • The air sacs also _____. • Burst • The main cause of emphysema is _____. • Smoking

  21. Lesson 2 – What are Noncommunicable Diseases • A disease of the heart or blood vessels is _____. • Cardiovascular disease • _____ occurs when fatty substances build up inside the walls of _____. • Atherosclerosis • Arteries • _____ is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. • Cancer

  22. Lesson 2 – What are Noncommunicable Diseases • Changes is a persons _____ may keep noncommunicable diseases under _____. • Lifestyle • Control • The best way to control the damage done by noncummunicable disease is _____ • Early diagnosis

  23. Lesson 3 – What is a Healthy Lifestyle? • Prevent injuries – realize the importance of _____. • Safety • Don’t take _____. • Unnecessary risks

  24. Lesson 3 – What is a Healthy Lifestyle? • When playing a sport… • Follow the rules • When crossing streets… • Obey traffic signs and signals • Avoid falls by… • Wiping up spills

  25. Lesson 3 – What is a Healthy Lifestyle? • When riding in a car… • Wear your seat belt • When exercising… • Warm-up and cool-down • When riding a bike… • Obey traffic signs and signals

  26. Lesson 3 – What is a Healthy Lifestyle? • A healthy _____ is necessary for a _____ lifestyle. • Diet • Healthy • Your body uses _____ for _____ and _____. • Proteins • Growth • Repair

  27. Lesson 3 – What is a Healthy Lifestyle? • No single food has every _____. • Nutrient • Avoid foods at the _____ of the food pyramid. • Top • Too much fatty food might cause _____, _____, or _____. • Cardiovascular disease • Cancer • Obesity

  28. Lesson 3 – What is a Healthy Lifestyle? • Too much sugary foods might cause _____, or _____. • Obesity • Tooth decay • Fiber may prevent _____. • Colin cancer

  29. Lesson 3 – What is a Healthy Lifestyle? • Tobacco plant contains a drug called _____. • Nicotine • A sticky material in tobacco is _____. • Tar

  30. Lesson 3 – What is a Healthy Lifestyle? • _____ is found in beer, wine, and liquor. • Alcohol • It slows down the work of your _____. • Brain • Drug abuse is the _____ use of drugs for reasons other than _____. • Intentional • Health

  31. Lesson 3 – What is a Healthy Lifestyle? • _____ can help relieve _____. • Sleep • Stress • During sleep your body processes _____ so more _____ is available to _____ or _____ body cells. • Slow down • Energy • Build • Repair

  32. Lesson 3 – What is a Healthy Lifestyle? • Regular, vigorous exercise is helpful to your body by… • Helping you keep a healthy body weight • Keeping arteries clear of fatty substances • Making muscles flexible • Strengthening muscles, especially your _____ • Heart

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