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Islam – submission to God

Islam – submission to God. Prophet Muhammad Mecca – origin of Islam ; most holy city Ramadan – 9 th month on the Hegira, considered holy Hegira – Islamic calendar 1500 years. Five Pillars of Islam. One god, Allah Pray 5 times a day towards Mecca . Donate wealth to charity.

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Islam – submission to God

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  1. Islam – submission to God • Prophet Muhammad • Mecca – origin of Islam; most holy city • Ramadan – 9th month on the Hegira, considered holy • Hegira – Islamic calendar • 1500 years

  2. Five Pillars of Islam • One god, Allah • Pray 5 times a day towards Mecca. • Donate wealth to charity. • Ramadan – fast sunrise to sunset. • Hajj to Mecca, once in a life time

  3. Qur’an (Koran) • Holy text of Islam • 114 surahs (chapters) • Arabic – language of Islam • Kufic • earliest of Arabic calligraphy styles -decorative, seen on the outside and inside of a mosque

  4. Kufic Script

  5. The Mosque

  6. Elements of the Mosque Exterior and Interior Decoration • Allah is beyond all imagining so there are no paintings or pictures -arabesques -intricate designs with sacred text - decorative motif; organic and geometric

  7. Dome of the Rock • The Dome of the Rock is decorated using arabesques. • an artistic motif that is characterized by the application of repeating geometric forms and fancifully combined patterns; these forms often echo those of plants and animals.[1] • elements of Islamic art used to decorate the walls of mosques that reflect the “infinite, uncentralized, nature of the creation of Allah”. • conveys spirituality without the iconography of Christian art. Geometric arabesque tiling on the underside of the dome of the Tomb of Hafez in Shiraz. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabesque

  8. Islamic Art and Architecture • Secular art can have an animal or figural image • However, anything created for sacred purposes cannot have any animal or figural form • Secular Art • Ceramics, textiles, etc. • Sacred Art • The Qu’ran, Mosques

  9. Elements of the Mosque • Minaret – Slender tower near a mosque • Used by the muezzin to call out for people to come to prayer Minaret

  10. Elements of the Mosque • Mihrab – Niche indicating Mecca, direction Muslims pray. • Holiest place in a mosque • can be of wood or masonry and is adorned with pillars • decorated Mihrab

  11. Elements of the Mosque • Minbar • Pulpit in a mosque • next to the mihrab • Platform from which anyone can speak , not just religious leaders • Speaker never goes to the top step ;reserved for Allah and the Prophet Muhammad Minbar

  12. Mosque

  13. Identify the major structures found in a mosque.

  14. Dome of the Rock

  15. Dome of the Rock • This shrine was built in Jerusalem by the 9th ruler between 688-691. • Built not only to proclaim the supremacy of Islam, but to ensure that new followers of Islam would not be tempted by Christianity. • SYMBOLIC STATEMENT!

  16. Dome of the Rock and Jerusalem Significance of this site for the following religions: • Judaism • where Abraham was going to sacrifice his son, Isaac • Stands above the believed location of Solomon's Temple and Herod’s Temple • Christianity • Jesus died here • Islam • Muhammad ascended to Paradise form this rock to speak to Allah and then returned as Allah’s prophet.

  17. Dome of the Rock • Why is it so pretty? • Basic structures: • Columns (different sizes), mirhab • Details • Full moon decoration on the top (symbolizes crescent moon symbol of Islam • Turkish tiles on the top (from the restoration in 50s-60s) and white marble on the bottom. • Arabic inscriptions from the Qur’an. • Mathematical rhythm. • All dimensions of the center circle are related to the major structures. • For example: each outer wall is 67 ft. long, which is exactly the dome’s diameter and exactly its height from the base of the drum.

  18. Dome of the Rock • In the next couple of slides, you will see a variety of images of the Dome of the Rock. • As you look at these images, you need to figure out how the Dome of the Rock is decorated. • Once you understand how the Dome of the Rock is decorated, you will illustrate the front of this building. • In your illustration, you need to incorporate the elements and principles of architecture that are used for the decoration of the temple.

  19. Dome of the Rock (Israel)687-692

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