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Bellringer : Organize the minerals on your table into the groups that you think they belong

Bellringer : Organize the minerals on your table into the groups that you think they belong. Mineral Groups. Silicates These make up more than 90 percent of the minerals in Earth’s crust Carbonates Oxides and Sulfides. Silicates.

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Bellringer : Organize the minerals on your table into the groups that you think they belong

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  1. Bellringer:Organize the minerals on your table into the groups that you think they belong

  2. Mineral Groups • Silicates • These make up more than 90 percent of the minerals in Earth’s crust • Carbonates • Oxides and Sulfides

  3. Silicates • A compound of silicon, oxygen, usually one or more other metallic elements • The basic building block is the silica tetrahedron

  4. Quartz • Chemical formula: SiO2 • It is made up of a continuous framework of SiO4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall formula SiO2 • *Min Book • Most sands consist mainly of grains of quartz • Why would this be?

  5. Feldspars • The feldspar family makes up about 60% of Earth’s crust • All feldspars have: • 2 directions of cleavage • Hardness of 6 • Pearly luster • The 2 major groups of feldspars are: • Orthoclase feldspar • Plagioclase feldspar

  6. The 2 Feldspars • Orthoclase • Potassium Feldspar • Color is light pink or salmon • Plagioclase • Sodium or Calcium Feldspar • Color ranges from white to gray • Examples include: • Albite • Labradorite • Feldspars are used in everyday products like glass and ceramics

  7. Other Silicates • Pyroxenes • Augite • Most common pyroxene • Is a Ferromagnesian silicate and is always dark in color • Micas • Most common are Biotite and Muscovite • Both have a hardness of 2.5 and 1 cleavage plane • Muscovite is silvery white color • Biotite is dark brown or black color

  8. Other Silicates Cont. • Amphiboles • Hornblende is the most common • Hardness of 5-6 • Color ranges from dark green, brown, or black • Olivines • Color is olive-green • Kaolinites • Kaolin • Resembles clay • Color of white

  9. Carbonates • A carbonate is a mineral made of negatively charged carbonate ions bonded to positive metal ions Where have we heard of carbonates before and where can we find them around here?

  10. Carbonates Cont. • Calcite • Also called calcium carbonate • Most common carbonate mineral • Color ranges from colorless to white • Hardness of 3 • Breaks into flat sided rhombahedra • Also fizzes when diluted HCl is droppped on it

  11. Carbonates Cont. • Dolomite • Also called magnesium carbonate • Like calcite it will also break into flat sided rhombahedra • Will not fizz or react strongly when HCl is dropped on it due to the magnesium in its chemical formula • Calcite = CaCO3 and Dolomite = CaMg(CO3)2

  12. Oxides and Sulfides • An Oxide is a mineral consisting of a metal element combined with oxygen • A Sulfide is a mineral consisting of a metal element combined with a sulfur • Not as common as silicates or carbonates • They contain significant amounts of iron • Important economic resources

  13. Oxides • Hematite • Most common iron oxide • Color is usually red • It can have a metallic luster • Always will streak reddish brown!!! • Magnetite • Color is usually black • Shiny to dull luster • Unique property = Its MAGNETIC

  14. Sulfides • Pyrite • Most common sulfide mineral • It is an iron sulfide • Chemical formula is FeS2 • Color ranges from pale brass to golden yellow • Hardness of about 6 • Also known as “Fool’s Gold”

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