Pageant 34-36 Review

1. Pageant 34-36 Review

2. Eleanor Roosevelt Most influential first lady Champion of the dispossessed

3. Frances Perkins First female cabinet member- Secretary of Labor

4. 1932 Campaign Hoover- said recovery was just around the corner FDR- willing to try bold experimentation

5. 1932 Election FDR wins in a landslide African Americans shifted from Republican to Democratic

6. Hoover- early 1933 Wanted FDR to stick to anti-inflationary policies

7. Glass-Steagall Act Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure bank deposits FDR wanted to stimulate inflation with “managed currency”

8. Demagogues Huey P. Long- promised to give all families $5,000 Father Coughlin- anti-Semitic

9. National Recovery Act (NRA) Required too much sacrifice on the part of industry, labor and the public

10. Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) Attempted to reduce farm production

11. Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 Reversed force assimilation Established tribal self-government

12. Federal Securities Act and Securities Exchange Commission Provide full disclosure of information Prevent insider trading with the NY Stock Exchange

13. Tennessee Valley Authority Tennessee Valley was a hundred years behind the rest of the US Improved Navigation, flood control and power from high dams Electrical Power- controversial aspect

14. Wagner Act of 1935 Gave labor the right to bargain collectively

15. Supreme Court After packing scandal, supported more New Deal Programs

16. Civilian Conservation Corps • Worked on natural projects • Men were required to send portion of earnings home

17. New Deal Provided moderate social reform without radical revolution or reactionary fascism

18. London Economic Conference Boycotted by FDR- felt it stabilizing national currencies would hurt US recovery

19. Soviet Union Recognized by FDR- viewed as a possible ally against Germany and Japan

20. Philippines Became an economic liability for the US

21. Good Neighbor Policy FDR viewed Latin America as allies to defend the western hemisphere against dictators

22. FDR’s Foreign-Trade Policy Lowered tariffs to encourage trade

23. American Attitudes 1930s- most Americans wanted to retreat further into isolationism By mid-1930s- support for a constitutional amendment requiring a popular referendum to declare war

24. Neutrality Acts Americans would not sail on ships of warring nations US would not sell weapons to any warring nations This style look familiar?

25. Spanish Civil War US remained neutral Spain became a fascist dictatorship

26. Jewish Refugees Not fully accepted by America US had a difficult time imagining the Holocaust could be happening

27. Tell How America Reacted to Pearl Harbor and Prepared to Wage War Against Both Germany and Japan. Danyelle Meleta Chelsey Wilson Kim Andress Justin Gillette

28. U.S. Reaction to Pearl Harbor • Immediate shock and disbelief • President Roosevelt, "a date which will live in infamy" • Congress declared war on the Empire of Japan • Converted to a war economy • Sense of nationalism • Recruitment campaigns • Prejudice of Japanese • Japanese Admiral Hamamoto, "I feel all we have done is awake a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve." • Roosevelt's second war message declares war on the remaining Axis aggressors.

29. Preparations for Waging War Against Germany • Mostly unprepared for war against either Germany or Japan • Roosevelt already set on defeat of Nazi regime • Immediate and massive expansion of Armed Forces • Naval patrols to prevent beliggerant ships in U.S. waters • Roosevelt contemplated bases in Bermuda and the Carribean 

30. Preparations for Waging War Against Japan •  Expansion of the U.S. fleet after Pearl Harbor • President Roosevelt set in motion the construction of a Two Ocean Navy, a 50,000 plane air force, a 6 million man army, and the secret program to build an atomic bomb. • The focus of military policy changed from continental to hemisphere defense. • The United States used draft laws to build their armed forces.

31. Preparations on the home front Rosie the Riveter became a common site in shipyards and aircraft plants! • The Lend- Lease bill became law on March 11, 1941. During the next four years, the U.S. sent more than $50 billion worth of war materials to the Allies. • Factories in the United States converted from civilian to war production with amazing speed. Firms that had made vacuum cleaners before the war began to produce machine guns. • As men went into the armed forces, women took their places in war plants. By 1943, more than two million women were working in American war industries.

32. Lack of Preparation • U.S. underestimated Japanese Strength and Capability • Two plans in preparation for possible Japanese agression • Navy had wanted to hold onto the Phillipines and Army wanted to write off the Phillipines • To defend the Phillipine islands • General MacArthur had the equivalent of two divisions of regular troops -- 16,000 U.S. regulars and 12,000 Philippine Scouts. • Could call on Philippine militia, but they were untrained and ill equipped. • Lt. Gen. Walter C. Short's Hawaiian command held 43,000 Army troops, including two infantry divisions, coast artillery, air corps, and support troops •  In total about three divisions left to defend against Japanese Army

33. Fall of France US responded by passing a conscription law US gave GB destroyers in exchange for naval bases in the Western hemisphere Basically ended US neutrality US public opinion wanted to support GB, but stay out of fighting

34. FDR’s Third Term Broke with precedence established by G. Washington Completely constitutional at that point (22nd Amendment passed later) Motivated by belief that US needed his leadership with impending international crisis

35. Lend-Lease Aid Available to Soviets after German invasion

36. Pearl Harbor Ended public reluctance to enter WW II

37. US Entry in WW II Public wanted revenge – no idea what the war was about Retooled industry for war production

38. Japanese Americans Viewed as possible saboteurs Relocated away from West coast

39. Synthetic Rubber Government commissioned production to offset loss of access to prewar supply in SE Asia

40. Women’s Roles in WW II Filled positions left by men heading to war Lead to day-care centers by the government

41. African Americans Rallied behind the double “V” Moved north and west in large numbers Fought in segregated units Formed CORE

42. National Debt Increased most during WW II

43. Chapter 36 PresentationLearning Objective #2 Tony Quaste, Ryan Simpson, Pat Eck, and Nick Williams

44. War Economy • America moves to a War Economy- Total War •  " mobilization-the reallocation of a nation's resources for the assembly, preparation, and equipping of forces for war-had arrived." •  The Office of War Mobilization-1943 •  Created many agencies which helped the war cause •  Labor, Merchant shipbuilding, and food •  Provided jobs for Americans, who did not take part in the war. •  Provided Arms to themselves and other countries •  Lend-Lease Act

45. Effects from WWII • The War had helped bring America out of The Great Depression • Improved the global Economy • America became a well renowned Arms dealer •  America becomes an industrial superpower • Rather than reverting to a consumer economy like before, America continues to function under a war economy. • Men return to industrial jobs • Women return to the women get their first taste of being a largescale workforce, some want more.

46. Mobilization of Manpower for the Military • Unlike other small scale conflicts, World War 2 required amounts of manpower previously unknown to Americans. • A volunteer army was not enough, so a draft was instated. All men 18-64 were required to serve. •  In World War II about 50 million men were conscripted into the military during the massive draft that encompassed the time period.

47. Women-power in the Military • Still restricted from being in a direct combat role. • Women performed typical military roles, as well as some new ones. • Hospital Doctors/Nurses • Secretarial Jobs • More than 1,000 women served as pilots associated with the US Air Force in the WASP (Women Air force Service Pilots) but were considered civil service workers, and weren't recognized for their military service until the 1970s.

48. Men in the Workplace • During the time of world war 2 many of the men of the United States chosed to make their profession that of a soldier. • The initial military buildup brought back to work many laborers who had been • unemployed by the Great Depression. During the war, average weekly earnings rose nearly 70 percent. • Heavy industry jobs almost always went to men and most of the skilled positions went to whites. Minorities became more attractive candidates for production jobs when white men left for sevice. Soon, both private employers and the government were encouraging minorities to move to industrial cities, and Mexicans to enter the United States

49. Women in the Workplace • During World War II the percentage of Americanwomen who worked outside the hom at paying work increased from 25% to 36%. • This was necessary since the majority of males left the workplace to go fight in the war and the government tried to make it seem that you can work and still be feminime. • As one example in the American shipbuilding industry, where women had been excluded from almost all jobs except a few office jobs before the war, women's presence went to over 9% of the workforce during the war. • Thousands of women moved to Washington, DC, to take government office and support jobs. • Minority women benefited from the June, 1941, Executive Order 8802, issued by President Franklin D. Roosevelt • The large increase in the presence of women in the workforce also meant that those who were mothers had to deal with issues likechildcare

50. Effects on American Society Nick Check, Cam Goodell, Alyssa Malatesta, Danielle Ciocco (Not Ryan Simpson)