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Urinary System

This comprehensive guide explores the urinary system's anatomy and functions, including excretion, secretion, and elimination. Key organs such as the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra are examined in detail, highlighting their structure and the role of nephrons in filtration and waste removal. The article also discusses common urinary terms, conditions, and diagnostic tests, such as urinalysis and dialysis. Ideal for those interested in medical careers related to urology, nephrology, and patient care within the urinary system.

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Urinary System

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  1. Urinary System Medical Careers Ms. Bystrom

  2. Functions • Excretion: removing waste from blood • Secretion: separation of certain materials from the blood • Elimination: emptying urine from the bladder

  3. Organs of the Urinary System • Kidneys • Ureters • Bladder • Urethra

  4. Kidneys Two-bean shaped organs located high in the abdominal cavity

  5. External Kidneys • Covered by a tough fibrous capsule • Hilum: concave border where the renal artery enters and renal vein and ureter exit

  6. Internal Kidney • Divided into two sections: • Medulla: triangular shaped wedges that separate and remove waste products from blood • Calyces: areas where waste is emptied • Cortex: smooth areas around medulla

  7. Nephrons • The filtering unit of the kidneys • Over 1 million per kidney • Resembles a funnel with a long, twisted tail • Function: • filtration: everything in blood is filtered out • Reabsorption: returns useful substances to bloodstream • Secretion: gets rid of waste

  8. The nephron unit

  9. Structures of the Nephron • Bowman’s capsule: • The hard, hollow capsule located on top of each nephron • Glomerulus: • cluster of capillaries located inside of each capsule

  10. The sections of the Nephron

  11. Ureters • Long, slender muscular tubes attached to each kidney, leading to the urinary bladder

  12. Ureters • Peristalsis: wave-like muscular contractions that move urine down the ureter into the bladder • Calculi: stones that form in the renal pelvis and are washed down the ureter with urine

  13. Urinary bladder • Collapsible bag of muscular tissue that expands to serve as a reservoir for urine

  14. Urethra • Tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body • Sphincters: donut-shaped muscles that permit voluntary control of bladder function.

  15. Urinary terms Dysuria Polyuria Oliguria Pyuria Nocturia Hematuria

  16. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) • Cystitis • Urethritis • Nephritis

  17. Tests Performed • Urinalysis: test performed on urine to determine its characteristics • C & S: culture and sensitivity; test performed to see if bacteria is resistant or sensitive to certain meds

  18. Tests Performed • Lithotripsy: use of shockwaves to crush stones • Dialysis: mechanical process of removing waste from blood normally removed by kidneys

  19. Abbreviations for quiz! • KUB-kidneys, ureters, bladder • U/A: urinalysis • QNS: quantity not sufficient • Cath: catheter • C & S: culture and sensitivity • UTI: urinary tract infection • IVP: intravenous pyelogram

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