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Introduction to Graphics Programming in Python

This announcement outlines key information for students enrolled in CS303E: Elements of Computers and Programming. A test is scheduled for Wednesday, May 1st, during regular class hours in UTC 2.112A, with a study guide and sample exams provided later. The introduction to graphics programming using Zelle's graphics module includes creating and manipulating various graphics objects such as points, lines, circles, and rectangles. Students are expected to familiarize themselves with object-oriented concepts and hands-on programming practices.

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Introduction to Graphics Programming in Python

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  1. Some Graphics CS303E: Elements of Computers and Programming

  2. Announcements • Test NEXT Wednesday, May 1st • Same time (regular class time) • Place: UTC 2.112A • Study guide, sample exams up later today

  3. Some Graphics • Very Brief Introduction • Uses Zelle’s graphics module • Download from his website: • http://mcsp.wartburg.edu/zelle/python/ • Put in same directory as your program

  4. Graphics Objects • Recall that in object-oriented programming objects consist of: • Data • Actions on that data (methods) • To use the graphics packages you: • Create objects • Perform actions on those objects

  5. Example:A Possible Circle Object • Data • center = (20,20) • radius = 10 • interior_color = “blue” • outline_color = “green” • Operations • Draw myself • Move myself • Set interior color • Set outline color

  6. Windows • Graphics objects are drawn on windows • Windows are also objects • A single program can create multiple windows • Created using the GraphWin() object

  7. GraphWin() Objects • GraphWin(title, width, height) • Constructs a new graphics window • All parameters are optional • Default size is 200x200 • setBackground(color) • Sets window’s background to a color • Options: red, cyan, green, blue, purple, yellow • getMouse() • Pause for a mouse click in the window, and return the Point at which it was clicked • close()

  8. Example:Creating a Window from graphics import * win = GraphWin() win2 = GraphWin(“Second”,300,300)

  9. Point Objects • Often used to define the position of other objects • Can also be drawn on the window

  10. Points Objects:Operations • Point(x,y) • Construct a point with the specified coordinates x and y • getX() • Returns the x coordinate of the point • getY() • Returns the y coordinate of the point • AND all the operations for drawable objects

  11. Drawable Objects • A category of objects that are drawable • All drawable objects implement all the drawable operations • Includes: Point, Line, Circle, Oval, Rectangle, …

  12. Drawable Objects:Operations

  13. Example:Point Objects pt=Point(15,55) #construct a #point with #x=15, y=55 pt.setOutline(“purple”) pt.draw(win) #draw point on #the window win

  14. Question Which is a Boolean value? A. True B. true C. “True” D. “true”

  15. Circle Objects • A Circle is defined by its center coordinates (given as a Point) and its radius • Operations: • Circle(centerPoint, radius) • Constructs a circle with a specified center point and radius • getRadius() • Returns the radius of the circle

  16. Example:Circle Objects cir=Circle(Point(50,100), 25) #center=(50,100), radius=25 cir.setFill(“yellow”) #set #interior to yellow cir.draw(win) #draw circle on #window win

  17. Line Objects • Specified by two points • Operations: • Line(point1, point2) • Construct a line from point1 to point2 • setArrow(<string>) • Set arrow status of the line. • Possible values for <string> are: first, last, both, or none.

  18. Example:Line Objects diag = Line(Point(0,0),Point(200,200)) #line from top left to bottom right diag.setWidth(15) #increase thickness diag.setOutline(“blue”) #make it blue diag.draw(win) #draw line on window win

  19. Rectangle Objects • Draws a rectangle • Operations • Rectangle(point1, point2) • Constructs a Rectangle with opposite corners point1 and point2

  20. Example:Rectangle Objects rec1 = Rectangle(Point(3,4),Point(8,10)) rec1.setFill(“green”) rec1.draw(win)

  21. Exercise

  22. Exercise

  23. Question I’ll come to class Monday, 4/29, prepared to: A. Take an exam B. Ask questions to review for the exam C. Sleep

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