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THE HEART

THE HEART. I. GENERAL. A. Primary Function pump blood through the body Normal functional capacity of the heart: ~100,000 heartbeats/day ~2,760,000,000 heartbeats/lifetime ~4,000 gallons (15,000 liters) blood pumped/day. II. Cardiac Anatomy. A. Location

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THE HEART

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  1. THE HEART

  2. I. GENERAL A. Primary Function pump blood through the body • Normal functional capacity of the heart: ~100,000 heartbeats/day ~2,760,000,000 heartbeats/lifetime ~4,000 gallons (15,000 liters) blood pumped/day

  3. II. Cardiac Anatomy A. Location in the mediastinum of thoracic cavity between lungs

  4. II. Cardiac Anatomy B. Pericardium 1. a double-walled fibrous sac encloses the heart and roots of the great vessels.

  5. II. Cardiac Anatomy B. Pericardium 2. functions to maintain the - position of the heart - protect it from overfilling

  6. II. Cardiac Anatomy C. Pericardium 3. Layers

  7. 3. Layers a. fibrous pericardium ·resembles a bag ·prevents over distension of the heart ·protects ·anchors heart to the mediastinum

  8. 3. Layers b. serous pericardium ·thinner inner layer ·a smooth inner sac with lubricated surfaces which allow movement ·2 layers • parietal layer • visceral layer(aka epicardium)

  9. 3. Layers parietal layer • lines the inner surface of the fibrous pericardium visceral layer (aka epicardium) • covers the entire surface of the heart • attached to the myocardium • contains pericardial fluid that lubricates the pericardial cavity, allowing freedom of movement

  10. Layers of the the Pericardium

  11. B. Pericardium 4. Pericardial Cavity space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium

  12. II. Cardiac Anatomy B. Pericardium 5. Pericarditis inflammation of the pericardium

  13. II. Cardiac Anatomy B. Pericardium 6. cardiac tamponade build up pericardial fluid bleeding into the pericardial cavity may result in cardiac failure

  14. C. Heart Wall

  15. C. Heart Wall • 1. Epicardium • visceral layer of pericardium • fused to the myocardium • thin, transparent, smooth, slippery • function - protective

  16. C. Heart Wall • 2. Myocardium • bulk of heart • muscular • involuntary striated, branched cells • cells have intercalated discs

  17. C. Heart Wall • 2. Endocardium • endothelium • connective t. • smooth • lines heart and valves

  18. C. Heart Wall • 2. Endocardium • coninuous w/ • vascular • endothel.

  19. II. Cardiac Anatomy C. External Note the coronary sulcus and interventricular sulcus

  20. II. Cardiac Anatomy

  21. III. Internal Cardiac Anatomy • Atria • 1. smaller, thin walled upper chambers • 2. interatrial septum • which exhibits fossa ovalis • (embryonic foramen ovale)

  22. III. Internal Cardiac Anatomy • Ventricles • 1. lower, thick- walled • 2. pump blood out of the heart • 3. separated by the interventricular septum

  23. III. Internal Cardiac Anatomy • A-V Valves • 1. tricuspid valve • Location • chordae tendoneae • papillary muscles

  24. III. Internal Cardiac Anatomy • A-V Valves • 2. Bicuspid valve • Mitral valve • Location • Same attachment

  25. Tricuspid Valve

  26. III. Internal Cardiac Anatomy • Semilunar valve • 1. half moon shaped • 2. pulmonary semilunar • 3. aortic semilunar

  27. Semilunar Valve

  28. III. Internal Cardiac Anatomy • Valve Disorders • 1. Diseases caused by • a. rheumatic fever • b. birth defect • c. damage to the papillary muscle • d. Aging

  29. III. Internal Cardiac Anatomy • Valve Disorders • 2. When a valve becomes diseased • they become stenosed • or they don’t close completely • 3. Causes • shortness of breath • chest pain • tiredness

  30. IV. Major Vessels of the Heart • Arteries Vs Veins 1. Arteries carry blood away blood under great pressure; flows in spurts have thick, elastic, muscular walls lack valves most carry oxygenated blood

  31. IV. Major Vessels of the Heart • Arteries Vs Veins 2. Veins carry toward heart blood under low pressure; flows slowly have thin, slightly muscular walls have valves most carry deoxygenated bld

  32. IV. Major Vessels of the Heart • The Great Vessels

  33. IV. Major Vessels of the Heart • Coronary vessels

  34. IV. Major Vessels of the Heart • Veins of the heart

  35. IV. Major Vessels of the Heart Coronary Sinus Blood from the cardiac veins empties into the coronary sinus, which then empties into the right atrium

  36. Coronary Artery Disease • any abnormal condition of the coronary arteries that • interferes with the delivery of an adequate supply of blood to the heart muscle. IV. Major Vessels of the Heart

  37. IV. Major Vessels of the Heart • Coronary Artery Disease • 1. Arteriosclerosis • arteries narrowed due to a build-up of fat, cholesterol and calcium • +95 % of c.a. disease

  38. IV. Major Vessels of the Heart • Coronary Artery Disease • 2. angina pectoris • a painful, tightening, pressure or fullness in the chest • results when heart muscle does not receive adequate oxygen 

  39. IV. Major Vessels of the Heart • Coronary Artery Disease • 2. myocardial infarction • heart attack results from total occlusion of a coronary artery

  40. V. Blood Flow Through the Heart A. Adult

  41. V. Blood Flow Through the Heart • Fetus • 1. Maternal blood supplies the fetus with O2 and nutrients and carries away its wastes.

  42. V. Blood Flow Through the Heart • Fetus • 2. Adaptations of fetal blood and vascular system. • fetal hemoglobin concentration about 50% greater than in maternal blood. • Fetal hemoglobin is slightly different chemically and can carry 20-30% more O2 than maternal hemoglobin

  43. VII. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION SYSTEM • Sinoatrial Node (SA node) • 1. Location: • in right atrial myocardium • 2. Function: • pacemaker

  44. VII. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION SYSTEM • Sinoatrial Node • 3. regulated by autonomic n. s. • 4. causes the atria to contract

  45. VII. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION SYSTEM • Atrioventricular node (AV node) • 1. Location: • below SA node • 2. Function: • causes ventricles to contract

  46. VII. ELECTRICAL CONDUCTION SYSTEM • Atrioventricular node (AV node) • 3. Controlled by autonomic n.s.

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