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Exploring Energy Sources: Nuclear, Light, Sound, Electrical & Thermal

Learn where nuclear, light, sound, electrical, and thermal energy come from, how they are transferred, and calculate kinetic and potential energy examples.

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Exploring Energy Sources: Nuclear, Light, Sound, Electrical & Thermal

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  1. NUCLEAR ENERGY Where does the energy come from? Energy that comes from changes in the nucleus of an atom

  2. How is energy given off from the nucleus? • When two nuclei join, called fusion Ex. hydrogen joining to form helium

  3. How is energy given off from the nucleus? • When the nucleus splits apart, called fission Ex. In nuclear reactors; making nuclear weapons

  4. LIGHT ENERGY • Where does the energy come from? • Energy comes from vibrations in electrically charged particles

  5. Invisible light? • Not all light can be seen • Light does NOT need matter to transfer energy. • Light energy can transfer through space

  6. SOUND • Where does its energy come from? • Energy comes from an object’s vibrations • Ex. Strings on instruments cause the air molecules around them to vibrate. Vibrations carry the sound to our ears • Sound requires matter to transfer energy

  7. ELECTRICAL ENERGY • Energy comes from moving electrons • Energy is transferred from a power plant through wires

  8. CHEMICAL ENERGY • Energy comes from the rearrangement of atoms when new compounds form

  9. THERMAL ENERGY • Depends on the motion of the molecules AND how many molecules are present.

  10. WHAT DOES THAT MEAN? • Higher temperature = more thermal energy • Larger amount of a substance = more thermal energy

  11. THERMAL ENERGY TRANSFER • Heat is the transfer of energy from one substance to another • It transfers from the warmer object to the cooler object • The transfer will end when both objects reach the same temperature

  12. THREE WAYS TO TRANSFER THERMAL ENERGY • Conduction • Convection • Radiation

  13. CONDUCTION • Particles from a warmer object transfer by colliding with particles from the cooler object.

  14. CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS • Substances that conduct thermal energy very well are conductors Substances that do not conduct thermal energy very well are insulators

  15. CONVECTION • Transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a liquid or a gas

  16. RADIATION • Thermal energy transferred through electromagnetic waves • Visible light, ultraviolet, infrared, x-rays…..

  17. MECHANICAL ENERGY • Mechanical energy = kinetic energy + Potential energy • ME = KE + PE

  18. KINETIC ENERGY • Kinetic energy is energy due to motion • Book example: KE allows the hammer to do work on the nail • KE = mv2 or ½(mv2) 2

  19. CALCULATE: • How would the KE increase if an object doubled its speed? • It would change by 22 or 4 times as much

  20. CALCULATE: • What is the KE of a car that has a mass of 1200 kg and is moving at 20 m/s? • Remember KE = mv2 2

  21. KE = 1200 kg x (20 m/s)2 2 = 1200kg x 400 m2/s2 2 = 480,000 kg x m2/s2 2 = 240,000 Joules

  22. POTENTIAL ENERGY • Energy that an object has due to its position. • Gravitational Potential Energy • Work was done on an object to lift it up against gravity • GPE = m x g x h • GPE = weight x height

  23. CALCULATE: • What is the GPE of a book that weighs 13N and is 1.5 meters off of the ground? • GPE = 13N x 1.5 m • 19.5 N x m • 19.5 Joules

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