Age of Jefferson (Jeffersonian Era)

1. Age of Jefferson(Jeffersonian Era) APUSH 2010-11

2. The Revolution of 1800 • Pres. Election of 1800 • Thomas Jefferson (TJ) vs Aaron Burr vs. John Adams • TJ and Burr tie – both are Democratic-Republicans • TJ was supported by federalist Alexander Hamilton

3. Win the trust of Federalists Keeps national bank Debt repayment Maintains neutrality Keeps Republican Support Limited central Govt Reduces military Eliminates federal jobs Repealed excise taxes Reduced national debt TJ Forms Alliances

4. LA purchase • Treaty of San Ildefonso 1800 – Amongst other things, Spain gives LA to France. Wants to create another French Empire in the Americas Napoleon Charles the IV of Spain

5. 1. needs to concentrate on fight with England 2. losses launching point for American empire in Haiti. w/ a Slave uprising led by Toussaint l’Ouverture France losses interest in LA for 2 reasons

6. U.S. needs the port of NO • Spain revokes “right of deposit” that USA gained in 1795 Pinckney Treaty • No way to get goods through the Miss river from the interior of the USA • Worried about a foreign power in NO • Sends Robert Livingston and James Monroe to purchase NO for $10 million • Napoleon needs the $ and offers to sell all of LA territory for $15 million

7. The LA Purchase is done

8. Purchase of foreign land not in Constitution Purchase goes against TJ’s strict interpretation of constitution Criticized by Federalists, esp. JQA Doubled size of Country Weakened the Federalist party. Sectionalist that complain more about the Republicans then actually do anything Issues surrounding the Purchase

9. Many judges were put in place by Federalists Washington and Adams Adams’ “Midnight Judges” Last minute appointees John Marshall – Chief Justice of Supreme court for 34 years Strengthen federal govt and limit states rights Marshall and TJ are cousins Judicial issues

10. Precedent is set • TJ told James Madison (TJ’s Sec. of State) to block “midnight judges” • Sued by William Marbury an appointed judge • Marbury vs. Madison 1803 • Marshall said under Judiciary Act of 1789 that Marbury had right to commission • But said Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional therefore Marbury couldn’t gain his commission • Created “Judicial Review” • Supreme Court decides if a law is constitutional or not • Supreme Court Can over rule both President and Congress

11. Election of 1804 • TJ easily wins • Aaron Burr is not nominated to be VP again and goes Crazy • Burr attempts to be NY governor and lead NY and NE to secede from Union • Angered by an insulting remark by Hamilton, Burr challenges him to a duel • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t1_s0eWbaYI&feature=related • Attempted to unite Mexico and LA territory to create a nation under his rule – tried for Treason but Chief Justice Marshall claimed he did not witness any “overt act” (remember Marshall and TJ do not like each other)

12. Difficulties Abroad • Barbary Pirates- tributes paid by Washington and Adams TJ sends fleet and fought for over 4 years nothing gained but some respect for US Navy

13. Napoleonic wars • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZQoLOk0iJBo • During this time, the USA tried to remain Neutral • French and British continued to seize American ships and goods • Americans blame the British the most

14. Determined to Maintain Neutrality • Embargo Act of 1807 • Trade with no one • Backfired = terrible for USA • Repealed 1809 • Nonintercourse Act 1809 • Trade with all nations except Britain and France • Macon’s Bill 1810 • If F and B recognized neutrality theny they would trade.

15. Picked by TJ Inherits Economic problems Madison elected President 1808

16. War of 1812 • Causes • Freedom of seas • Trade • England is still the enemy • Battle of Tippecanoe • War Hawks – Led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun • Defend American honor, gain Canada and destroy native resistance

17. The Frontier • Battle of Tippecanoe 1811 • Americans were pushing further west • Twin Bros Tecumseh and Prophet (Tenskwatawa) tried to unit the tribes east of the Miss. River • Being suspicious of this action, Gen. William Henry Harrison destroyed the Shawnee Headquarters and ended the attempt to Indian confederation • Americans blamed the British for aiding the Shawnee, despite limited help.

19. War is declared • Madison receives pressure to declare war • British Government agrees to suspend its navel blockade before war is declared, but it was already too late

20. To fight Southern and Western states Pennsylvania Vermont Not to fight Called it “Mr. Madison’s war” “Quids” or “old” Republicans New York, New Jersey and the rest of New England Were making profits off of the trade Federalists criticized Republicans saying war went against their limited government ideals To fight or not to fight?

21. Invasions of Canada Did not work, encouraged British retaliation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGKwgmyEAJs&feature=related Navel Battles Constitution “Old Ironsides” won navel battle in Nova Scotia Lake Erie – Oliver Hazard Perry “We have meet the enemy and they are ours” Defeats and Victories

22. Southern Campaign • Spring 1814, British defeat Napoleon and can concentrate more on USA • White House is burned • Brits attempt to take Baltimore during a night’s bombardment • “Star Spangled Banner” • Battle of Horseshoe Bend (vs the Creeks) and New Orleans (2 weeks after the signing of the treaty of Ghent)

23. Treaty of Ghent • Signed December 24th, 1814 • End fighting • Return all conquered land • Recognize prewar Canadian boundries