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Interest Grabber

orrick avatar
orrick
7 diapositives · 262 Views · Aug 02, 2014

DNA serves as the vital information source for cellular functions, akin to an encyclopedia for cells. While DNA remains secure in the nucleus, its instructions are transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA) for translation elsewhere in the cell. The process involves transcription in the nucleus, where mRNA is formed, followed by translation in the cytoplasm at the ribosome. Here, transfer RNA (tRNA) brings amino acids to form polypeptides, which are essential for various cellular processes. This intricate method highlights the importance of genetic information in cellular operations.

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  1. Interest Grabber Section 12-3 • Information, Please • DNA contains the information that a cell needs to carry out all of its functions. In a way, DNA is like the cell’s encyclopedia. Suppose that you go to the library to do research for a science project. You find the information in an encyclopedia. You go to the desk to sign out the book, but the librarian informs you that this book is for reference only and may not be taken out. 1. Why do you think the library holds some books for reference only? 2. If you can’t borrow a book, how can you take home the information in it? 3. All of the parts of a cell are controlled by the information in DNA, yet DNA does not leave the nucleus. How do you think the information in DNA might get from the nucleus to the rest of the cell? Go to Section:

  2. Protein Synthesis • Occurs in 2 steps: • In nucleus- Transcription • In cytoplasm/ ribosomes- Translation

  3. Messenger RNA Ribosomal RNA Transfer RNA Bringamino acids toribosome Combine with proteins tRNA mRNA Carry instructions rRNA DNA Ribosome Ribosomes Concept Map Section 12-3 RNA can be also called which functions to also called which functions to also called which functions to from to to make up Go to Section:

  4. Figure 12–14 Transcription Section 12-3 Adenine (DNA and RNA) Cystosine (DNA and RNA) Guanine(DNA and RNA) Thymine (DNA only) Uracil (RNA only) RNApolymerase DNA RNA Go to Section:

  5. Figure 12–17 The Genetic Code Section 12-3 Go to Section:

  6. Figure 12–18 Translation Section 12-3 Nucleus Messenger RNA Messenger RNA is transcribed in the nucleus. mRNA Lysine Phenylalanine tRNA Transfer RNA The mRNA then enters the cytoplasm and attaches to a ribosome. Translation begins at AUG, the start codon. Each transfer RNA has an anticodon whose bases are complementary to a codon on the mRNA strand. The ribosome positions the start codon to attract its anticodon, which is part of the tRNA that binds methionine. The ribosome also binds the next codon and its anticodon. Methionine Ribosome Start codon mRNA Go to Section:

  7. Figure 12–18 Translation (continued) Section 12-3 The Polypeptide “Assembly Line” The ribosome joins the two amino acids—methionine and phenylalanine—and breaks the bond between methionine and its tRNA. The tRNA floats away, allowing the ribosome to bind to another tRNA. The ribosome moves along the mRNA, binding new tRNA molecules and amino acids. Growing polypeptide chain Ribosome tRNA Lysine tRNA mRNA Completing the Polypeptide The process continues until the ribosome reaches one of the three stop codons. The result is a growing polypeptide chain. mRNA Translation direction Ribosome Go to Section: