Emission Control Technologies & Fuel Quality Requirements

1. Emission Control Technologies & Fuel Quality Requirements Dr K Kumar, Chairman, SIAM Committee on In-Use Vehicles & Advisor Engineering, Maruti Udyog Limited 20th November 2006, New Delhi SIAM

2. Size of the Indian Automobile Industry Production Volume Contribution Size ~ 9.7 mn vehicles All figures for Apr 2005- Mar 06 • India second largest producer of Motorcycles (7.6 mn) in the world SIAM

3. Indian Vehicle Parc 2005 Total Registered Vehicles ~ 87 Mn Source: Govt. of India Statistics of Registered Vehicles & SIAM estimates SIAM

4. Engine Technology + Fuel Quality Lower emissions

5. Engine Technology & Fuel Quality Auto Fuel Policy Principles • “As elsewhere in the world the Government should decide only the vehicular emission standard and the corresponding fuel specifications without specifying vehicle technology type of fuel SIAM

6. Delhi Agra Kanpur Ahmedabad Surat Kolkatta Mumbai Hyderabad Pune Chennai Bangalore Outcome of Auto Fuel Policy Major cities Mega Cities • Challenge to Vehicle Manufacturers: • Different Fuel Quality in different parts of the Country • Same vehicle plying in various areas – Would effect after-treatment devices/ OBD/ other engine components? SIAM

7. Challenges and Demands on Vehicles • Regulations • Safety, Emissions and Noise requirements are to be met by vehicle manufacturers • Customers • We need to meet expectations of performance, price, reliability and fuel consumption SIAM

8. History in Developments in Gasoline Vehicles • 1991 - First Emission Norms for Gasoline Vehicles • Carbureted Vehicles • 1995 • Introduction of Open Loop Catalytic Converter in Petrol Cars (Beginning with Delhi, due to availability of Lead Free Fuel) • 1996 - Further Tightening of Emission Norms • Evaporative Emission Control Systems SIAM

9. Steps of Technology Evolution - Gasoline BS-II 2000 onwards BS-I (2000) • MPFI Engines with EMS • Mapped EGR • Carburetted / petrol engines • EGR & 3 way catalytic converter BS-III – 2005 onwards BS-IV – 2010 onwards • Variable valve timing • Lean burn technology • DeNOx catalyst • Light weight vehicles • Improved combustion system • Advanced EGR tolerant processes in engine • Variable valve-train system • Optimised power train • Catalyst with early light off technology SIAM

10. Steps of Technology Evolution - Diesel BS-II 2000 onwards BS-I (2000) • Re-entrant combustion chamber • Turbocharger / intercooler • Zero sac nozzles • High pressure rotary fuel injection system • Modified re-entrant toroidal combustion chamber • High pressure injectors • EGR & oxycat for MUVs BS-III – 2005 onwards BS-IV – 2010 onwards • High pressure electronic fuel injection system • High pressure ratio turbochargers • New design of piston, rings, cylinder head • Lubricating oil control package • New driveline • New intake and exhaust arrangement • Centralised injection system • High pressure common rail/Unit injection system • Cooled EGR • Particulate trap/DeNOx catalyst • Variable geometry turbocharger SIAM

11. Fuel of the right quality important to meet the emission norms and sustained emission performance SIAM

12. Fuel Quality : Concerns • Fuel an enabler of advanced vehicle technology- an established fact • Progressively tighter emission norms can be met only with matching fuel quality • Fuel adulteration aided by current fuel pricing policy • Subsidised kerosene diverted for adulteration of diesel • Need for a roadmap for future scenario for conventional and alternative fuels – CNG/LPG/Hybrid/Hydrogen/Fuel cell/Hythane etc SIAM

13. Issues • Oil industry has taken initiatives for ensuring the right fuel quality, but fuel adulteration still rampant • Adulteration causes loss to the exchequer and the oil companies • Has serious impact on the vehicle performance and emissions • Impairs after treatment systems • 3 way catalytic converters • On-board diagnostic systems • Particulate filters & traps etc • Impacts image of the auto industry and leads to warranty claims • Dual emission norms • Impacts emission performance due to fueling of lower quality level fuel when vehicle travel in non-metro areas • Need for a single emission norm across the country. SIAM

14. Issues contd……. • Alternative Fuels • Ethanol-gasoline blend and bio-diesel announced • All stakeholders need to develop a sustainable alternative fuel roadmap • 10% Ethanol Gasoline blend • Announced in the press • Auto industry unable to carry trials • Need to be made available to the auto industry well in advance to enable them carry out trials • Field experience of 5% ethanol blend to be studied after introduced in the country for atleast one year SIAM

15. Need for a proactive approach • Auto and Oil Industry should lead emission agenda. • Develop a joint approach and proactive positioning. • One national road map • Emission • Fuel • Alternate fuel • Long term policy : Based on AMP

16. Thank You!