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Optical communication Part –1

Optical communication Part –1 . Where:. =. And n 2 > n 1. i. e. r. i. t. t. e. i. i. r. Reflected ray. Impinging ray of monochromatic light. Second order reflected ray. n 1. Optically transparent plate of n 2 with parallel surfaces in a medium with n 1 (n vacuum =1).

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Optical communication Part –1

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  1. Optical communication Part –1

  2. Where: = And n2 > n1 i e r i t t e i i r Reflected ray Impinging ray of monochromatic light Second order reflected ray n1 Optically transparent plate of n2 with parallel surfaces in a medium with n1 (nvacuum =1) Refracted ray n2 n1 Where: = angle of incident ray = angle of reflected ray = angle of refracted ray = angle of emerging ray Emerging ray

  3. 2 2 No refraction; ( = 900) 900 n1 n1 n2 > n1 n2 n2 > n1 n2 i Refraction; ( < 900)

  4. n1 n2 n3 n4 n5 n6 n7 Where: n1 > n2 > n3 > n4 > n5 > n6 > n7 > n8

  5. 1 2 1 J K N 2 = angle of deflection n1 Composite beam + …+ Prism n2 Base of prism n2> n1

  6. Impinging circularly or elliptically polarized ray Reflected linearly polarized ray Birefringent medium Two refracted linearly polarized rays

  7. Absorption Scattering Impurities Rays of light

  8. Attention due to - OH 1.6 1.2 1.4 ( m) Transmitted optical loss (dB)

  9. Preasure Streching points Fiber R Compression points R = radius of bent

  10. Temperature

  11. Plastic KavlerTM Buffer coating Cladding Glassy core Cross section (not to scale)

  12. n (x) n1 Step index profile n2 x Core fiber n (x) Coating n1 Graded index profile x

  13. d = 8.6-9.5 m D = 125 2 m D = 125 2 m d = 50 m Core fiber ncore nclad Cladding Cladding nclad Multimode fiber - many rays (modes) may propagate Single mode fiber -one ray (mode) due to small ratio D/d propagates

  14. Graded index n2 n1 Step index

  15. Critical cone Cladding n2 n1 crit Core n1>n2

  16. 1 1 t t Cladding n2 n1 Ray B Ray A Core Impulse entering the fiber Impulse exiting the fiber

  17. 2 1 t t Cladding n2 n1 t1 t2 Core Impulse entering the fiber Impulse exiting the fiber

  18. Pulse spread t

  19. Material dispersion Wavelength dispersion Dispersion flattened Conventional fiber 20 Zero-dispersion points Dispersion flattened Dispersion, psec/nm-km Conventional fiber Dispersion-shifted fiber -20 Dispersion-shifted fiber 1200 1400 1600

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