1 / 15

F irs t Amendment C i vil Lib e rti e s

F irs t Amendment C i vil Lib e rti e s H o w ha s t h e Firs t A m endment' s f r eedo m of r e lig io n been in c o r po r a t ed as a ri g h t o f all Am eri c an ci t i z ens?. Copy to notes. Objective:

ostinmannual
Télécharger la présentation

F irs t Amendment C i vil Lib e rti e s

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. FirstAmendment CivilLiberties HowhastheFirstAmendment'sfreedomofreligionbeenincorporatedasarightofallAmericancitizens?

  2. Copy to notes

  3. Objective: Explain the extent to which the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the First Amendment reflects a commitment to individual liberty. (religion) BIG IDEA: The interpretation and application of the First Amendments Establishment Clause and Free Exercise Clause reflects the ongoing debate over balancing majoritarian religious practice and free exercise.

  4. ThomasJefferson:a"wall ofseparation betweenChurchandState" exists, forbiddinganygovernmentsupportforreligion. • Somearguethatthereisno“wall” andthat thegovernmenthaseveryabilitytoaidandsupportreligiousinstitutions,charities,andschoolsandtoallowpublicreligiousdisplaysandschoolprayer.

  5. “Congressshallmake nolawrespecting an establishmentof religion…”

  6. WARRENCOURT CONSTITUTIONALQUESTION Doesthereadingofanondenominationalprayeratthestartoftheschooldayviolatethe"establishmentofreligion"clauseoftheFirstAmendment? THEDECISION (6-1decision)Yes.Neithertheprayer'snondenominationalcharacternoritsvoluntarycharactersavesitfromunconstitutionality.Byprovidingtheprayer,NewYorkofficiallyapprovedreligion. SOURCE THECASE TheBoardofRegentsfortheStateofNewYorkauthorizedashort,voluntaryprayerforrecitationatthestartofeachschoolday.Thiswasanattempttodefusethepoliticallypotentissuebytakingitoutofthehandsoflocalcommunities.Theblandestofinvocationsreadasfollows:"AlmightyGod,weacknowledgeourdependenceuponThee,andbegThyblessingsuponus,ourteachers,andourcountry." Allinformationquotedfromhttp://www.oyez.org

  7. WARRENCOURT CONSTITUTIONALQUESTION DidthePennsylvanialawandAbington'spolicy,requiringpublicschoolstudentstoparticipateinclassroomreligiousexercises,violatethereligiousfreedomofstudentsasprotectedbytheFirstandFourteenthAmendments? THEDECISION (8-1decision)Yes.TherequiredactivitiesencroachedonboththeFreeExerciseClauseandtheEstablishmentClauseoftheFirstAmendmentsincethereadingsandrecitationswereessentiallyreligiousceremoniesandwere"intendedbytheStatetobeso." SOURCE THECASE Atthebeginningoftheschoolday,studentswhoattendedpublicschoolsinthestateofPennsylvaniawererequiredtoreadatleasttenversesfromtheBible.Aftercompletingthesereadings,schoolauthoritiesrequiredallAbingtonTownshipstudentstorecitetheLord'sPrayer.Studentscouldbeexcludedfromtheseexercisesbyawrittennotefromtheirparentstotheschool. Allinformationquotedfromhttp://www.oyez.org

  8. BURGERCOURT CONSTITUTIONALQUESTION DidtheRhodeIslandandPennsylvaniastatutesviolatetheFirstAmendment'sEstablishmentClausebymakingstatefinancialaidavailableto"church-relatededucationalinstitutions"? THECASE Thiscasewasheardconcurrentlywithtwoothers,Earleyv.DiCenso(1971)andRobinsonv.DiCenso(1971).ThecasesinvolvedcontroversiesoverlawsinPennsylvaniaandRhodeIsland.InPennsylvania,astatuteprovidedfinancialsupportforteachersalaries,textbooks,andinstructionalmaterialsforsecularsubjectstonon-publicschools.TheRhodeIslandstatuteprovideddirectsupplementalsalarypaymentstoteachersinnon-publicelementaryschools.Eachstatutemadeaidavailableto"church-related THEDECISION (8-0decision)Yes.TheCourtfoundthatthesubsidizationofparochialschoolsfurtheredaprocessofreligiousinculcation,andthatthe"continuingstatesurveillance"necessarytoenforcethespecificprovisionsofthelawswould inevitablyentanglethestateinreligiousaffairs. SOURCE educationalinstitutions." Allinformationquotedfromhttp://www.oyez.org

  9. Lemon v. Kurtzman (1971) cont… • Todeterminewhetheralawviolatesthefreedomofreligion,theCourtusestheLemontest(fromLemonv.Kurtzman): • Doesthelawhaveasecularratherthanreligiouspurpose? • Doesthelawneitherpromotenordiscouragereligion? • Doesthelawavoid “Excessiveentanglements” ofthe • governmentandreligiousinstitutions?

  10. “…norprohibitthe free exercisethereof."

  11. CONSTITUTIONALQUESTION THECASE Doesthefederalanti-bigamystatuteviolatetheFirstAmendment'sfreeexerciseclausebecausepluralmarriageispartofreligiouspractice? THEDECISION (9-0decision)No.Thestatutecanpunishcriminalactivitywithoutregardtoreligiousbelief.TheFirstAmendmentprotectedreligiousbelief,butitdidnotprotectreligiouspracticesthatwerejudgedtobecriminalsuchasbigamy.Thosewhopracticepolygamycouldnomorebeexemptfromthelawthanthosewhomaywishtopracticehumansacrificeaspartoftheirreligiousbelief. GeorgeReynolds,secretarytoMormonChurchleaderBrighamYoung,challengedthefederalanti-bigamystatute.ReynoldswasconvictedinaUtahterritorialdistrictcourt.HisconvictionwasaffirmedbytheUtahterritorialsupremecourt. SOURCE Allinformationquotedfromhttp://www.oyez.org

  12. BURGERCOURT CONSTITUTIONALQUESTION DidWisconsin'srequirementthatallparentssendtheirchildrentoschoolatleastuntilage16violatetheFirstAmendmentbycriminalizingtheconductofparentswhorefusedtosendtheirchildrentoschoolforreligiousreasons? THEDECISION (7-0decision)Yes.Theindividual'sinterestsinthefreeexerciseofreligionundertheFirstAmendmentoutweighedtheState'sinterestsincompellingschoolattendancebeyondtheeighthgrade. SOURCE THECASE JonasYoderandWallaceMiller,bothmembersoftheOldOrderAmishreligion,andAdinYutzy,amemberoftheConservativeAmishMennoniteChurch,wereprosecutedunderaWisconsinlawthatrequiredallchildrentoattendpublicschoolsuntilage16.Thethreeparentsrefusedtosendtheirchildrentosuchschoolsaftertheeighthgrade,arguingthathighschoolattendancewascontrarytotheirreligiousbeliefs. Allinformationquotedfromhttp://www.oyez.org

  13. REHNQUISTCOURT CONSTITUTIONALQUESTION Canastatedenyunemploymentbenefitstoaworkerfiredforusingprohibiteddrugsforreligiouspurposes? THECASE AlfredSmithandGalenBlackworkedataprivatedrugrehabilitationclinic.TheclinicfiredthembecausetheyusedahallucinogenicdrugcalledpeyoteforreligiouspurposeswhileworshippingattheirNativeAmericanChurch.TheOregonEmploymentDivisiondeniedthemunemploymentcompensationbecauseitdeemedtheywerefiredforwork-related"misconduct."TheOregonCourtofAppealsruledthatthisviolatedtheirreligiousfreeexerciserightsprovidedbytheFirstAmendment.TheOregonSupremeCourtreversed. THEDECISION (5-3decision)Yes.JusticeJohnPaulStevensdeliveredtheopinionfora5-3court.TheCourtinstructedtheOregonSupremeCourttodeterminewhetherpeyoteusageforreligiouspurposesisprohibitedunderOregonlaw,oronlybytheemployer.ThattheOregonlawwasinfactviolatedmeansthatthefiringwasconstitutional. SOURCE Allinformationquotedfromhttp://www.oyez.org

  14. Freedomofreligionisandhasbeenadeeply • divisiveissueontheCourt. • TheCourthastriedtoweightherightsof • individualsagainsttheneedsofsociety. • Todeterminewhetheralawviolatesthefreedomofreligion,theCourtusestheLemontest(fromLemonv.Kurtzman): • Doesthelawhaveasecularratherthanreligiouspurpose? • Doesthelawneitherpromotenordiscouragereligion? • Doesthelawavoid “Excessiveentanglements” ofthe • governmentandreligiousinstitutions?

  15. EXAMPREP:Studyyourtestpreparationbook,vocabulary,andourunitmaterialsforUNIT1:ConstitutionalUnderpinningsandFederalism.EXAMPREP:Studyyourtestpreparationbook,vocabulary,andourunitmaterialsforUNIT1:ConstitutionalUnderpinningsandFederalism.

More Related