Human Trafficking: Modern Day Slavery Ignatian Teach-In Washington, DC November 17, 2013

1. Human Trafficking: Modern Day Slavery Ignatian Teach-In Washington, DC November 17, 2013

2. Presentation Overview General exploration of the issue Who are the victims? Who are the traffickers? Federal and State Legislation What Can You Do? How to respond. Collaborative to End Human Trafficking

3. Human Trafficking is a form of modern-day slavery US Department of Health and Human Services, ACF, Trafficking Campaign

4. Not a new problem – 13th Amendment“neither slavery nor involuntary servitude…shall exist in the United States” Slavery - people held or compelled into service against their will US Department of Health and Human Services, ACF, Trafficking Campaign

5. Victims of trafficking are exploited for commercial sex or labor purposes US Department of Health and Human Services, ACF, Trafficking Campaign

6. PBS Map on Trafficking Patterns Next to drug dealing, human trafficking is the second largest criminal industry in the world, and it is the fastest growing. US Department of Health and Human Services, ACF, Trafficking Campaign

7. Inside Bay Area The Oakland Tribune Dealers turning to sex business Pimping provided many with inconspicuous way to make money in streets By Barbara Grady, STAFF WRITER Posted: 04/24/2008 02:42:15 AM PDT Updated: 04/22/2009 06:47:53 AM PDT OAKLAND – When selling crack cocaine became a tougher way to make money at the beginning of the decade because of increased police pressure, many drug dealers turned to pimping instead. By selling young girls for sex, street hustlers were less likely to get caught. They didn't have to carry the commodity in their pocket or stash it in their homes, as they usually did with crack cocaine. They could use cell phones and laptop connections to the Internet to conduct business with customers while simply posing as boyfriends walking down the street with their girls…. ""There is increased economic incentive promoting young men to become involved in pimping," the report said. "The lure of what is perceived as easy money is supported by easy access to a never ending supply of runaway, AWOL and throwaway youth — youth who are highly vulnerable, who have no way to meet their basic needs of food, shelter and human connection and who are invisible to society at large." …

9. Human Trafficking is… • . Recruitment Harboring Transportation Provision or Obtaining of a person… for aCommercial Sex Act or Labor or Services… throughForce, Fraud or Coercion.

10. Sex Trafficking: Commercial sex act induced by force, fraud or coercion, or in which person performing the act is under age 18. Victims can be found working in massage parlors, brothels, strip clubs, and escort services.

12. Labor Trafficking: Using force, fraud or coercion to recruit, harbor, transport, obtain or employ a person for labor or services in involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage or slavery Victims can be found in domestic situations as nannies, hotel maids, sweatshop factories, janitorial jobs, construction sites, farm work, and restaurants. US Department of Health and Human Services, ACF, Trafficking Campaign

13. US: Lawsuit accuses Connecticut nursery of human traffickingby John Christoffersen Associated PressFebruary 8th, 2007 A dozen Guatemalan workers filed a federal lawsuit Thursday accusing one of the nation's largest nurseries of engaging in human trafficking by forcing them to work nearly 80 hours per week, paying them less than minimum wage and denying them medical care for injuries on the job…

14. Labor Trafficking United States v. Calimlim (7th Cir. 2008) 2 physicians, live-in housekeeper for 19 years United States v. Sabhnani (2nd Cir. 2010) Long Island couple, 2 domestic servants United States v. Bradley (1st Circuit 2004) NH tree removal company - Jamaican workers United States v. Djoumessi (6th Cir, 2008) 14 year old domestic servant – Detroit United States v. Farrell (8th Cir. 2009) SDakota Comfort Inn- Jamaican housekeepers United States v. Kaufman (10th Cir.2008) Social worker and wife – unlicensed group home for mentally ill

15. Crime of trafficking occurs with the exploitation of the victim. The physical movement of the victim is not a requisite. US Department of Health and Human Services, ACF, Trafficking Campaign

16. How Are Victims Trafficked? Force, fraud and coercion are methods used by traffickers to press victims into lives of servitude and abuse. US Department of Health and Human Services, ACF, Trafficking Campaign

17. How Are Victims Trafficked? FORCE: Rape, beatings, constraint, confinement, addiction to drugs US Department of Health and Human Services, ACF, Trafficking Campaign

18. How Are Victims Trafficked? Fraud: Includes false and deceptive offers of employment or a better life

19. How Are Victims Trafficked? Coercion: • Threats of serious harm to, or physical restraint of, any person; • any scheme, plan or pattern intended to cause victims to believe that failure to perform an act would result in restraint against them; or • the abuse or threatened abuse of the legal process.

21. PBS Map on Trafficking Patterns Human Trafficking: Who Are Victims? Approximately 800,000 to 900,000 victims annuallytraffickedacross international borders. US Department of Health and Human Services, ACF, Trafficking Campaign

22. Between 14,500 and 17,500 victims are trafficked into the United States annually. The Columbus Dispatch Prison term for human-trafficking Woman from Dublin gets one year for role with hotel cleaners Saturday, December 18, 2010   By Andrew Welsh-Huggins ASSOCIATED PRESS Maria Terechina pleaded guilty to conspiring to defraud the U.S. and conduct human trafficking. Federal prosecutors said that Maria Terechina was a criminal who helped trick hundreds of eastern European women into taking hotel jobs in Ohio that they couldn't escape because she took their passports and controlled where they lived and how they got around… http://www.dispatch.com/live/content/local_news/stories/2010/12/18/prison-term-for-human-trafficking.html?sid=101

23. More than half of victims trafficked into United States are thought to be Children. Victims are probably about equally women and men. US Department of Health and Human Services, ACF, Trafficking Campaign

24. Victims can be trafficked into the U.S. from anywhere. Victims have come from, among other places, Africa, Asia, India, Latin America, Eastern Europe, Russia and Canada. Source: John Hopkins University, the Protection Project

25. Many victims are also US citizens

26. Responses of Victims • In the U.S., both citizens and non-citizens are victims • Victims comply and don’t seek help because of FEAR • Many victims do not speak English • Victims often kept isolated; activities restricted; guarded; coached to provide certain answers • Unaware what is being done to them is a crime • Do not consider themselves victims – often blame self US Department of Health and Human Services, ACF, Trafficking Campaign

27. Who is at-risk to be trafficked? • Children • Vulnerable women • Homeless, runaways • Immigrants • The disabled • LGBTQ

28. How do so many American children become victims? • American children are easy targets for sex traffickers. • The vulnerability is the child’s age. • Traffickers target locations that attract youth - schools, malls, parks, shelters and group homes, and the Internet.

29. Working in nail salons Construction workers Field & farm workers Cleaning in hotels Restaurant workers Often victims are working right in our midst. We may have walked past them or encountered them in ordinary situations.

31. Traffickers Who are the pimps... the traffickers? What do they look like?

33. In Plain Sight…“Juvenile Delinquent” or “Victim?” Due to misidentification, ignorance, or efforts to keep victims safe from traffickers … children are often labeled as delinquents and placed in detention facilities.

34. In Plain Sight…“Illegal Immigrant” or “Victim?”

35. Trafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000 (TVPA) Areas of Focus: • Prevention • Public awareness and education • Protection • T visa, certification, benefits and services • Prosecution • Created Federal crime of trafficking, new law enforcement tools and efforts US Department of Health and Human Services, ACF, Trafficking Campaign

36. State Laws Against Human Trafficking * Criminal Provisions now in all 50 States * * Details vary by state relative to resources for trafficked victims, law enforcement training, definition of “minor,” task forces and commissions working on the issue. * Enforcement is now KEY!

37. Needs of Trafficked PersonsCollaborative Approach – Law Enforcement; Social Service; Community Groups • Services – not detention • Translation/interpretation • Services for physical and mental health • Food, Housing, Clothing • Legal services – immigration services • Education • Employment

39. What Can YOU Do?

40. How does human trafficking touch my life?

41. http://www.gourmet.com/foodpolitics/2009/03/politics-of-the-plate-tomato-slaves-follow-uphttp://www.gourmet.com/foodpolitics/2009/03/politics-of-the-plate-tomato-slaves-follow-up

42. http://news.change.org/stories/tell-hershey-to-support-fair-trade-this-world-fair-trade-dayhttp://news.change.org/stories/tell-hershey-to-support-fair-trade-this-world-fair-trade-day

43. International Labor Rights Forum Missed the Goal for Workers: The Reality of Soccer Ball Stitchers in Pakistan, India, China and Thailand The report details a variety of abuses, from child labor to hazardous working conditions to the practice of hiring temporary stitchers, leaving the workers vulnerable to exploitation. http://www.traffickingproject.org/2010/07/missed-goal-for-workers-reality-of.html

44. http://www.greenamerica.org/programs/responsibleshopper/

45. Get Involved! • Start a human trafficking group on campus. • Do research on the topic and publish it! • Organize film and book discussion groups. • Collect toiletries for local shelters and outreach programs in your area. • Invite speakers—even survivors-- on human trafficking to campus. • Host plays, music, dance, art exhibits with proceeds going to human trafficking organizations

46. Get Involved! • Change the culture! Don’t tolerate demeaning language about either gender, about prostituted women; don’t participate in “pimp and ho” parties, watch your language, etc. • Vote! AND let your state and national legislators know that you want the laws regarding human trafficking enforced and strengthened. • Be concerned about one another. Challenge risky behavior of friends and family members.

47. Red Flags • Is the person you encounter accompanied by another person who seems controlling? • Does one person insist on giving the information for the other person? • Does one person hold the ID for the other person? • Can you see or detect any physical abuse? • Use of the term “Daddy” • Branding – not just a fun tattoo • Young girl with hotel cards • Young girls with older boyfriends • Young girls with new clothes, new jewelry, nails, hair

48. Questions to Ask • Can you leave your job if you want? • Can you come and go as you please? • Have you ever been threatened, or has anyone threatened your family? • What are your working/living conditions like? • Where do you sleep and eat? • Is there a lock on your door so you cannot get out? • Does someone prohibit you from socializing or attending religious services? • Can you leave your work or job situation if you want? • When you are not working, can you come and go as you please? • Have you been threatened with harm if you try to quit? • Has anyone threatened your family?

49. Getting Victims of Human Trafficking the Help They Need 1.888.3737.888 or text BeFree (233733) This hotline will help you: • Determine if you have encountered victims of human trafficking • Identify local community resources to help victims • Coordinate with local social service organizations to help protect and serve victims so they begin process of restoring their lives Local FBI Office . Call local police if victim is at risk of imminent harm www.acf.hhs.gov/trafficking

50. The Collaborative to End Human Trafficking A working group of concerned people in northern Ohio Mission: To educate and advocate for the prevention and abolition of human trafficking while connecting services on behalf of trafficked persons.