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Progressive Era. Age of Imperialism. Period during the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries when the United States desired to expand beyond its borders to influence other nations. Progressive Era. Period from around 1890 to WWI, which was a time of political and social reform. Imperialism.
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Age of Imperialism Period during the late 19th and early 20th centuries when the United States desired to expand beyond its borders to influence other nations.
Progressive Era Period from around 1890 to WWI, which was a time of political and social reform
Imperialism Expansionism • The idea that the United States should expand into the Caribbean and the Pacific The desire or action of a stronger nation to take control of a weaker one.
Alaska Alaska was bought from Russia in 1868. Most people thought it was a waste, but in the 1890s, gold was discovered here. Alaska was also a major resource of oil, minerals, and fishing.
Hawaii Americans started to come here to start businesses, especially sugarcane and pineapples. The country was ruled by a monarchy. Wealthy American farmers took over the government and overthrew the queen. For economic reasons, the U.S. annexed the Hawaiian islands
Spanish-American War War with Spain over the treatment of the Cuban people Reasons for War- The Spanish military’s harsh treatment of Cuban rebels, expansionists in the United States who wanted territories in the Caribbean, publishers who wanted to sell newspapers, and Americans who wanted revenge for the sinking of the Maine.
U.S.S. Maine United States warship that blew up in Havana harbor; the Spanish in Cuba were blamed
Yellow Journalism • Emotional stories reported in gory details without much concern for the facts. • To gain more readers, the publishers often used sensationalism, or stories that appealed to the emotions. The reported cruelty of the Spanish in Cuba made great headlines and brought many new readers to the papers.
Rough Riders • A voluntary calvary unit that fought in Cuba. • These men were made up of cowboys and adventurers. Teddy Roosevelt was second in command
Results of the War • Ended with the Treaty of Paris 1898 • The U.S. gained the territories of Guam, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico. The U.S. did not annex Cuba. • An American naval base was permanently established at Guantanamo Bay.
Panama Canal • A canal primarily built by the U.S. to help get ships from the Pacific to the Caribbean and the Atlantic without having to go around the tip of South America.
William Gorgas • An Alabama native, was the army doctor put in charge of getting rid of the mosquitoes that spread yellow fever and malaria
World Imperialism • When one nation tried to control another; most larger countries used racism. China and Africa were the major targets of European imperialism.
China • China had traded with western countries since the days of the explorers. But in the late 1800s, foreign governments began to take control of certain regions of China. These areas of control were called spheres of influence, meaning another country had indirect control over them. Nations like Austria, France, Germany, England, Italy, Japan, and Russia tried to claim trading rights with China.
Open Door Policy • The U.S. tried to do business with China, but the countries with spheres of influence tried to block American trade with the Chinese. The U.S. government proposed the Open Door Policy, which would guarantee equal trading rights for all nations.
Africa • Great Britain, France, Germany, Italy, and others all had colonies in Africa in the early 20th century. • The result was the exploitation of the people and resources of the continent. • A fierce rivalry between the nations of Europe desire for colonial expansion will be one of the long-term causes of WWI.
Political Machine • A group that provided social help for people (jobs, housing, etc.) in exchange for their votes for a specific political party. Political Boss • The person in charge of a political machine and responsible for the votes of his people.
Bosses often helped immigrants to find jobs or provided other social services in exchange for their votes. So much power in the hands of a few eventually led to corruption. Political machines began to use fraud to get their candidates elected and then found ways to steal money from the government.
Progressive reformers decided to do something about the political corruption in all levels of government: local, state, and national.
Secret Ballot • People once voted out in the open. Now, by voting in secret, people were less likely to face intimidation to vote a certain way.
Initiative and Referendum • To increase the power of the people, reformers wanted the people to be able to force a vote on important issues without having to go through the state legislature. • Initiative- a process that allows the people to suggest legislation by signing a petition. • Referendum- a vote on an initiative
Recall Election • An election that allows the people to vote an official out of office before the end of his or her term.
Direct Primary • A process in which the people choose the candidates for an election. • The people in a political party vote to decide on a candidate instead of allowing a political boss to do the choosing. • Like we do today.
Direct Election of Senators • 17th Amendment • Senators were now elected by the people rather than appointed by the state legislatures.
Social Reforms • Child labor-children as young as 6 were working in factories. Children were exposed to dangerous machines and were required to work long hours for very little pay. • National Child Labor Committee- to end child labor • Keating-Owen Child Labor Act- the law stopped businesses from shipping goods across state lines that had been produced by child labor- later found to be unconstitutional because it interfered with interstate commerce.
Roosevelt as President • Became youngest President after McKinley is assassinated. • Teddy Roosevelt was the first of three Progressive Presidents
Trust Busting • The act of breaking up bad trusts by suing them in court. • TR’ first target was a railroad bust, and broke up the Standard Oil Company, the tobacco trust, and the beef trust. • Coal Strike, 1902- TR invited coal owners and union representatives to the White House to discuss the situation. TR let the owners know that if an agreement wasn’t made, he would send in federal troops.
Muckrakers-writers that exposed corruption in big businesses, government and society
Conservation • Preserving national resources • Roosevelt
